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Peran Otoritas Keagamaan dalam Penetapan 1 Syawal di Indonesia dan Thailand Serta Implikasi Sosialnya Iskandar, Mohammad Fajar; Nugroho, Machrus Hakim; Laehka, Aree
Azimuth: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): Juli
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Falak UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/azimuth.v5i2.2658

Abstract

This study discusses a comparison of the determination of 1 Shawwal in Thailand and Indonesia, focusing on the methodology used, the role of religious authorities, and the social implications that arise. This research is a literature review with a qualitative approach. Data was collected through literary studies and documentation, then the data was analyzed in a comparative descriptive manner. The results of the study show that although the rukyat and hisab methods are used in both countries, the implementation is different. In Indonesia, the decision to determine 1 Shawwal is carried out through an isbat session involving various Islamic organizations, while in Thailand, the Sheikhul Islam Office has full authority in the determination. These differences affect social dynamics, with Indonesia experiencing differences in celebration times between mass organizations, while in Thailand, centralized decisions result in uniformity. These findings provide insight into how the methodology and structure of religious authority affect the religious practices and social relations of Muslims in both countries
Fatwa on Abortion in Thailand from the Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah Perspective Nugroho, Machrus Hakim; Iskandar, Muhammad Fajar; Laehkha, Aree; Syafaq, Hammis
Ma’mal: Jurnal Laboratorium Syariah dan Hukum Vol. 7 No. 3 (2025): June
Publisher : Laboratorium Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya (https://uinsa.ac.id/fsh/facility)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/mal.v7i3.441

Abstract

Abstract: Abortion is a sensitive issue involving legal, religious, ethical, and health aspects. In Thailand, which has a minority Muslim community, the discourse on abortion has developed through the views of local clerics. This article aims to analyze the views of Thai scholars on abortion using the framework of maqāṣid al-sharī'ah. This research employs a normative by fatwa study approach. The primary source in this study is the fatwa of Ali Suasaming and the Pathum Thani Muslim Scholars Community on abortion. Data were obtained through fatwas, articles, journals and books that study abortion and maqāṣid al-sharī'ah. The results of the study show that the two fatwas generally agree that abortion after the blowing of the soul is haram because it is a violation of the human right to life. However, both provide legal leniency in emergency situations, such as if the pregnancy endangers the mother's life, using the rules of al-ḍarūrāt tubīḥ al-maḥẓūrāt and irtikāb akhaff al-ḍararayn. The Ali Suasaming fatwa emphasizes moral and spiritual aspects, while the Pathum Thani fatwa emphasizes the balance of law and benefits. Maqāṣid al-sharī'ah's analysis of these two fatwas shows that Islamic law on abortion in Thailand is oriented towards the benefit, moderation, and protection of life as a manifestation of the principle of raḥmatan li al-'ālamīn. Keywords: Fatwa, abortion, Thai scholars, maqāṣid al-sharī'ah.   Abstrak: Aborsi merupakan isu sensitif yang melibatkan aspek hukum, agama, etika, dan kesehatan. Di Thailand, yang memiliki komunitas Muslim minoritas, diskursus mengenai aborsi berkembang melalui pandangan para ulama setempat. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis pandangan ulama Thailand mengenai aborsi dengan menggunakan kerangka maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan studi fatwa. Sumber primer dalam penelitian ini adalag fatwa Ali Suasaming dan Pathum Thani Muslim Scholars Community tentang aborsi. Data diperoleh melalui fatwa, artikel, jurnal dan buku yang mengkaji aborsi dan maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kedua fatwa secara umum sepakat bahwa aborsi setelah peniupan ruh adalah haram karena termasuk dalam pelanggaran terhadap hak hidup manusia. Namun, keduanya memberikan kelonggaran hukum pada kondisi darurat, seperti jika kehamilan membahayakan nyawa ibu, dengan menggunakan kaidah al-ḍarūrāt tubīḥ al-maḥẓūrāt dan irtikāb akhaff al-ḍararayn. Fatwa Ali Suasaming menonjolkan aspek moral dan spiritual, sedangkan fatwa Pathum Thani menekankan keseimbangan hukum dan maslahat. Analisis maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah terhadap kedua fatwa ini menunjukkan bahwa hukum Islam tentang aborsi di Thailand berorientasi pada kemaslahatan, moderasi, dan perlindungan kehidupan sebagai manifestasi dari prinsip raḥmatan li al-‘ālamīn. Kata Kunci: Fatwa, aborsi, ulama Thailand, maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah.