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All Journal JCIC: Jurnal CIC Lembaga Riset dan Konsultan Sosial International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science
Fitria, Naeli
Unknown Affiliation
Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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A Critical Review of the ASEAN Convention on the Protection of Women Migrant Workers: Gaps, Challenges, and Recommendations Fitria, Naeli
JCIC : Jurnal CIC Lembaga Riset dan Konsultan Sosial Vol 7 No 1 (2025): JCIC: Jurnal CIC Lembaga Riset dan Konsultan Sosial
Publisher : CIC Lembaga Riset dan Konsultan Sosial

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51486/jbo.v7i1.235

Abstract

This paper offers a critical examination of the ASEAN Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Migrant Workers, with particular focus on the rights of women migrant workers. Employing constructivist international relations theory alongside feminist legal analysis, it identifies substantial shortcomings in implementation, normative ambiguity, and the limited enforceability of protections. Drawing on empirical data from 2020 to 2024, and informed by reports from international human rights and labor organizations, the paper provides a comprehensive assessment of ASEAN’s inadequacies in safeguarding women migrant workers. Women migrant workers continue to be disproportionately represented in domestic work and the informal economy, where they are subject to systemic discrimination, exploitation, and legal invisibility. Despite rhetorical commitments to gender equality and migrant rights, ASEAN’s legal frameworks and mechanisms frequently omit gender-specific provisions and lack the capacity to address intersectional vulnerabilities. The region’s reliance on soft law approaches and the absence of binding commitments undermine its ability to ensure effective protection. The paper concludes with strategic recommendations for ASEAN member states, including the adoption of legally binding commitments, the formulation of gender-sensitive regional instruments, the strengthening of accountability mechanisms, and more meaningful engagement with civil society organizations. Only through structural reform can ASEAN genuinely uphold the rights and dignity of women migrant workers.
Localizing Global Goals: Bekasi’s Paradiplomacy in Vocational Education Cooperation with Japan FITRIA, Naeli
International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science Vol. 6 No. 4 (2025): International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science (Jul
Publisher : PT Keberlanjutan Strategis Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38142/ijesss.v6i4.1613

Abstract

Indonesia-Japan collaboration on vocational education has been a strategic step toward increased labor demand and youth employment opportunities. Local governments are effective facilitators of such partnerships by connecting schools, industries, and foreign partners. This is a real-life example of the Indonesian city of Bekasi in West Java where the local government facilitated the partnership of SMK Mitra Industri MM2100 and Japanese partners. Through partnerships with Japanese industries at the MM2100 Industrial Estate and Japanese training centers, students are furnished with industry-specific curricula, training of their technical expertise, and internship placements at home and abroad. This partnership not only endows students with hands-on experience of engineering and manufacturing but also improves their intercultural ability, linguistic skills, and adaptation to work environments worldwide. Japan brings their expertise by donating training modules, professional mentorship, and internship placements while the government of Bekasi facilitates alignment of policy, provision of funds and coordination with local industries. This partnership is a realization of Indonesia's vocational revitalization program of closing education and labor market disparities. It is more fundamentally designed to generate socioeconomic results like youth employment minimization and local industry competitiveness enhancement. Also, it contributes toward Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 4 (quality education), Goal 8 (decent work and economic growth), and Goal 17 (partnership for the goals). This example of partnership by Bekasi and Japan is evidence of the contribution of multi-level governance of education cooperation and can inspire other regions seeking strong foreign partnership-based human capital development.
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