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All Journal Dialektika kontemporer International Journal of Indonesian Philosophy & Theology
Ogar, Thomas Eneji
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Religion Humanities Education Social Sciences

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The Limits of Human Knowledge: A Critical Examination of Foundationalism and Coherentism in Epistemology Ogar, Thomas Eneji; Aboka, George; Akiba, Esther
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol 13, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : dialektika kontemporer

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Abstract

This paper critically examines the debate between foundationalism and coherentism in epistemology, assessing their ability to justify knowledge claims while addressing the inherent limits of human understanding. Foundationalism argues that knowledge rests on basic, self-evident beliefs, whereas coherentism maintains that justification emerges from the systematic interrelation of beliefs within a network. By analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of each theory, this study explores whether either can adequately respond to radical skepticism without collapsing into circularity or arbitrariness. Foundationalism’s reliance on indubitable foundations is challenged by the problem of infinite regress, while coherentism’s holistic approach risks detachment from empirical reality. The paper also considers hybrid models, such as foundherentism, as potential middle-ground solutions. Ultimately, it argues that while both theories offer valuable insights into epistemic justification, neither fully overcomes the skeptical challenge, suggesting that a pluralistic or pragmatic approach may be necessary to account for the complexities of human knowledge.
The Architecture of Persistence: A Defence of Perdurantism against the Problem of Temporary Intrinsics OGAR, Thomas Eneji; Fidelis, Paalee; George, Aboka
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol 13, No 2 (2025): Juli – December 2025
Publisher : dialektika kontemporer

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This paper examines the central metaphysical debate concerning how objects persist through time: endurantism versus perdurantism. Endurantism posits that objects are wholly present at each moment of their existence, enduring through time as three-dimensional entities. In contrast, perdurantism contends that objects are four-dimensional space-time worms, composed of temporal parts, with only a part present at any given time. The core of this inquiry focuses on the “Problem of Temporary Intrinsics”—how a single object can possess contradictory intrinsic properties (e.g., being bent and being straight) at different times without violating the law of non-contradiction. This paper argues that while endurantism aligns with our common-sense intuition of persistence, it fails to provide a satisfactory solution to this problem, resorting to problematic claims about property instantiation being relative to time. Conversely, perdurantism offers a more ontologically parsimonious and logically coherent solution by attributing the different properties to different temporal parts of the same space-time worm. Through a critical analysis of both theories and their responses to this fundamental puzzle, this paper concludes that perdurantism, despite its counter-intuitive nature, presents a superior framework for understanding the metaphysics of persistence and change.
A Philosophical Expose Towards A ‘God After God’ Onah, Gregory Ajima; Ogar, Thomas Eneji; Okoi, Ibiang O.
International Journal of Indonesian Philosophy & Theology Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): December
Publisher : Asosiasi Ahli Filsafat Keilahian Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47043/ijipth.v4i2.58

Abstract

The escalation of violent incidents in recent times has brought religions to the forefront of world politics, resulting in a shift from their traditional role as conduits of divine revelation to becoming instruments of power and dominance. This phenomenon of kratophany exemplifies the manifestation of violence within religious contexts. The occurrence of violence may be attributed to the foundation of eschatological interpretations within various theological frameworks. The emergence of religious triumphalism and fundamentalism stemming from these theological perspectives has posed a significant danger to both world peace and ecumenical dialogue. The need for peace among faiths has transitioned from being a mere choice to an urgent necessity in contemporary times. The deity that is sought to be understood via the lens of eschatology is a divine being that exists in the future, sometimes referred to as an "after God." Hence, in order to get this comprehension, it is imperative to relinquish any remnants of onto-theological thought that now plague the eschatological analysis of religions. The violent interpretations of eschatologies used by Abrahamic faiths result in a significant loss of significance. The present research aims to address the hermeneutic context that poses a threat of religious violence. This intervention might be likened to Abraham getting Isaac back after first renouncing the notion of a violent sacrifice. In the present day, it is imperative for the Abrahamic faiths to discontinue the practise of harsh sacrifice and instead embrace the concept of peace as a valuable offering.
Co-Authors Aboka, George Akiba, Esther Fidelis, Paalee George, Aboka Okoi, Ibiang O. Onah, Gregory Ajima