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Generol, Yashica
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology

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Shell Shape Variations and Sexual Dimorphism of Pomacea canaliculata using Geometric Morphometric Analysis Generol, Yashica; P. Magdugo, Rexie; Jhun Almadin , Florence
Bionature Vol. 26 No. 1 (2025): April-Juni 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Negeri Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35580/bionature.v26i1.7422

Abstract

Pomacea canaliculata or Golden Apple Snail (GAS) existed to be a rice pest in the Philippines and Asia. Likewise, geographic location also contributes to its increasing populations, thus making it invasive among freshwater habitats and rice field areas. This study was conducted to describe shell shape variations and sexual dimorphism among the populations of P. canaliculata. A total of 120 samples were randomly collected in the downhill and uphill geographic locations in Mambajao, Camiguin Island, Mindanao, Philippines. To determine the variations and sexual dimorphism in the shell shape of golden apple snail, coordinates were administered to relative warp analysis and the resulting data were subjected to Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA). The results show statistically significant (P < 0.01). While male and female spire height, body size, and shell shape opening also show significant variations. These phenotypic distinctions could be associated with geographic isolation, predation, and a nutrient component of the gastropods. Thus, the importance of using geometric morphometric advances in describing sexual dimorphism in the shell shape of P. canaliculata.
Polysaccharide Extraction of Ulva reticulata in the Coastal Region of Nasipit, Agusan del Norte Generol, Yashica; Taperla, Princess; Badlis, Vivian; Maagdugo, Rexie
Bionature Vol. 26 No. 2 (2025): Oktober-Desember 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Biologi Universitas Negeri Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35580/yjj2hq65

Abstract

Ulvan is a sulfated polysaccharide derived from green seaweed cell walls, particularly from species within the genus Ulva. These macroalgae contain various bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and dietary fiber, which contribute to their potential applications in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. This study aimed to extract ulvan from Ulva reticulata collected from the coastal area of Nasipit, Agusan del Norte, and to characterize its functional groups using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The extraction was carried out using an acid-based method, yielding approximately 3.5 g of crude polysaccharide. The structural characteristics of the polysaccharide extracts were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The FTIR spectra revealed key functional groups at specific absorption peaks: 3231-3369 cm⁻¹ (hydroxyl groups/alcohol), 1652 cm⁻¹ (amides), 1403 cm⁻¹ (aromatic rings), and 1120 cm⁻¹ (aliphatic amines). A comparative analysis was conducted between the FTIR profiles of U. reticulata obtained via acid extraction in this study and secondary data from literature involving hot water extraction of U. reticulata and acid extraction of Ulva lactuca. This comparison aims to evaluate how different extraction methods and species variations influence the presence and intensity of functional groups in the resulting ulvan.
Co-Authors Badlis, Vivian Jhun Almadin , Florence Maagdugo, Rexie P. Magdugo, Rexie Taperla, Princess