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Measuring the impact of external exchange rate shocks on the performance indicators of the Iraqi economy: using the Kaldor square Munaf Marza Neama; Mustafa Kamel Rasheed
Management Dynamics: International Journal of Management and Digital Sciences Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): International Journal of Management and Digital Sciences
Publisher : International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70062/managementdynamics.v2i3.278

Abstract

This research is an attempt to analyze and measure the impact of structural shocks to the US dollar exchange rate on the performance indicators of the Iraqi economy during the limited period (2004 to 2022) using the Kaldor square framework, which is based on four main components (economic growth, inflation, unemployment, and trade balance). Analytical and quantitative methods were rummage-sale to reveal the countryside of the relationship between these variables, through analyzing annual data and key economic indicators, using standard economic models and applying the (SVAR) technique. The study concluded that structural shocks to the exchange rate had varying effects on the components of the Kaldor square. The results showed a strong relationship between the exchange rate, economic growth, and the trade balance, while its impact on unemployment and inflation varied depending on the time period and political and economic developments. The study recommends adopting flexible monetary and fiscal policies that contribute to reducing exchange rate volatility and enhancing macroeconomic stability, which positively impacts sustainable structural growth.Inflation
Evaluating the Development of the Integration if Emerging Economies Under the New İnternational Economy, the BRICS Group as A Model Munaf Marza Neama
International Journal of Economics, Commerce, and Management Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): July : International Journal of Economics, Commerce, and Management
Publisher : Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62951/ijecm.v2i3.742

Abstract

The rapid economic and political rise of emerging countries has led to a change in the dynamics of power in the global system, as economic blocs have provided an important developmental role in the international economy. "For example, the BRICS group has occupied an important role as an influential group on the stage of international politics، Accordingly, the aim of the research was within the framework of seeking to know the developmental role of emerging economies in the global economy, in addition to knowing the impact of economic blocs in those countries in contributing to achieving international economic stability, according to the hypothesis that economic blocs in emerging countries have a positive role in developing the global economy. "The research was used The analytical method in verifying the research hypothesis. The research concluded that the BRICS bloc played many roles in global economic performance, which contributed to strengthening the institutional aspect of the BRICS countries, represented by the New Development Bank and the Emergency Reserve Arrangement, which are two of the main features of cooperation between emerging economies and developing countries". Hence, this makes it necessary to understand the role of BRICS as an important platform in the international system.