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Evaluation of Maize Covered Smut (Ustilago maydis) Management Options in Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia Kassaw, Admasie; Desale, Tesfaye; Ayalew, Abebe; Abtie, Abate; Tiruneh, Abiye; Wudu, Eshete
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.388-397

Maize, one of the most important cereal crops in the world, faces severe production constraints in Ethiopia due to covered smut disease. Field experiments were conducted at Sirinka and Cheffa during the 2022-2023 cropping seasons to evaluate management practices against maize covered smut. Seven treatments consist of five fungicides, cow urine, hot water, and untreated control, arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The study found notable variations in disease intensity, maize grain yield, and yield components among the treatments. The application of proceed plus fungicide and the use of cow urine treatments were effective in reducing maize covered smut disease and higher yields of maize compared to other treatments and control plots. The combined analysis indicated that the highest maize grain yield (3120 and 2806 kg.ha-1) was recorded from carboxin + thiram + imidacloprid, and triadimefon fungicide-treated plots, followed by cow urine seed treatment (2649 kg.ha-1), while the lowest (1601 kg.ha-1) was recorded from untreated control plot. The highest net benefit (125310 ETB) was obtained from carboxin + thiram + imidacloprid, followed by Triadimefon (112986.8 ETB) and cow urine (107084.5 ETB) treated plots. Therefore, based on the partial economic analysis result, carboxin + thiram + imidacloprid fungicide and cow urine as a seed treatment are recommended for maize producers.

Assessing Inorganic Salts for Effective Management of Late Blight Disease in Potatoes Kassaw, Admasie; Desale, Tesfaye; Mihretie, Aderajew; Ayalew, Abebe
International Journal on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Vol 6, No 3 (2025): IJ-FANRES
Publisher : Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources - NETWORKS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46676/ij-fanres.v6i3.564

Potato in Ethiopia is the primary tuber crop, and late blight poses a significant challenge to its production. Field experiments were carried out in Meket and Wadla during the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons to assess the use of salts in controlling late blight and its cost-effectiveness management strategies. The study included seven treatments: sodium bicarbonate, sodium benzoate, sodium carbonate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, a systemic fungicide containing Mefenoxam and Mancozeb, and a control treatment. The treatments were settled in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The study found that there were significant variations in disease levels, potato tuber yield, and yield components among different treatments. Application of salts were found to be effective in reducing late blight disease, leading to higher yields. Among salts, the highest total tuber yield (23.59 and 22.02 t ha-1) was recorded from sodium bicarbonate at Meket and Wadla in 2019, respectively. The highest marginal rate of return (2,852%) was obtained from synthetic fungicide followed by 2,634% by sodium bicarbonate. Therefore, besides synthetic fungicide, foliar application of sodium bicarbonate can decrease potato late blight disease pressure and is advised to be considered as an alternative control measure.

Evaluation of Copper Hydroxide Bactericide for the Management of Common Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli) of Common Bean in Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia Kassaw, Admasie; Tiruneh, Abiye; Abtie, Abate; Ayalew, Abebi; Desale, Tesfaye; Endris, Kedir
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 03 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.03.702-713

Common bacterial blight constitutes a major constraint to common bean production in Ethiopia. To evaluate the efficacy of seed treatment and varying frequencies of foliar application of copper hydroxide for disease management, a field experiment was conducted at the Sirinka, Jari, and Cheffa research sites during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons. The study employed a randomized complete block design with three replications. Eight treatments were assessed, including copper hydroxide seed treatment alone, seed treatment combined with one, two, or three foliar spray applications, and an untreated control. Data on disease severity, yield, and yield components were subjected to analysis of variance using GenStat version 18.0 software. The combined mean analysis revealed that the highest area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) value (957) was recorded in the seed-treated plots receiving two foliar sprays, while the lowest AUDPC value (518.6) was observed in the untreated control plots. Seed yield ranged from 1408 kg.ha-1 in the control treatment to 2397 kg.ha-1 in plots treated with copper hydroxide seed treatment plus two foliar sprays. The highest marginal rate of return (2214.2%) was attained with seed treatment alone, whereas a single foliar spray application yielded a return of 102.92%. Based on these findings, it is recommended that copper hydroxide bactericide be applied as a seed treatment at a rate of 300 g.100 kg-1 of common bean seed at planting, supplemented with a single foliar spray at the onset of disease, as this approach provides the greatest net economic benefit compared to other treatments and the control.

Assessing Inorganic Salts for Effective Management of Late Blight Disease in Potatoes Kassaw, Admasie; Desale, Tesfaye; Mihretie, Aderajew; Ayalew, Abebe
International Journal on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Vol 6, No 3 (2025): Ij-FANRes
Publisher : Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources - NETWORKS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46676/ij-fanres.v6i3.561

Potato in Ethiopia is the primary tuber crop, and late blight poses a significant challenge to its production. Field experiments were carried out in Meket and Wadla during the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons to assess the use of salts in controlling late blight and its cost-effectiveness management strategies. The study included seven treatments: sodium bicarbonate, sodium benzoate, sodium carbonate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, a systemic fungicide containing Mefenoxam and Mancozeb, and a control treatment. The treatments were settled in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The study found that there were significant variations in disease levels, potato tuber yield, and yield components among different treatments. Application of salts were found to be effective in reducing late blight disease, leading to higher yields. Among salts, the highest total tuber yield (23.59 and 22.02 t ha-1) was recorded from sodium bicarbonate at Meket and Wadla in 2019, respectively. The highest marginal rate of return (2,852%) was obtained from synthetic fungicide followed by 2,634% by sodium bicarbonate. Therefore, besides synthetic fungicide, foliar application of sodium bicarbonate can decrease potato late blight disease pressure and is advised to be considered as an alternative control measure.

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