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Evaluation of Maize Covered Smut (Ustilago maydis) Management Options in Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia Kassaw, Admasie; Desale, Tesfaye; Ayalew, Abebe; Abtie, Abate; Tiruneh, Abiye; Wudu, Eshete
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 12 No. 02 (2025): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.12.02.388-397

Maize, one of the most important cereal crops in the world, faces severe production constraints in Ethiopia due to covered smut disease. Field experiments were conducted at Sirinka and Cheffa during the 2022-2023 cropping seasons to evaluate management practices against maize covered smut. Seven treatments consist of five fungicides, cow urine, hot water, and untreated control, arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The study found notable variations in disease intensity, maize grain yield, and yield components among the treatments. The application of proceed plus fungicide and the use of cow urine treatments were effective in reducing maize covered smut disease and higher yields of maize compared to other treatments and control plots. The combined analysis indicated that the highest maize grain yield (3120 and 2806 kg.ha-1) was recorded from carboxin + thiram + imidacloprid, and triadimefon fungicide-treated plots, followed by cow urine seed treatment (2649 kg.ha-1), while the lowest (1601 kg.ha-1) was recorded from untreated control plot. The highest net benefit (125310 ETB) was obtained from carboxin + thiram + imidacloprid, followed by Triadimefon (112986.8 ETB) and cow urine (107084.5 ETB) treated plots. Therefore, based on the partial economic analysis result, carboxin + thiram + imidacloprid fungicide and cow urine as a seed treatment are recommended for maize producers.

Assessing Inorganic Salts for Effective Management of Late Blight Disease in Potatoes Kassaw, Admasie; Desale, Tesfaye; Mihretie, Aderajew; Ayalew, Abebe
International Journal on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Vol 6, No 3 (2025): IJ-FANRES
Publisher : Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources - NETWORKS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46676/ij-fanres.v6i3.564

Potato in Ethiopia is the primary tuber crop, and late blight poses a significant challenge to its production. Field experiments were carried out in Meket and Wadla during the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons to assess the use of salts in controlling late blight and its cost-effectiveness management strategies. The study included seven treatments: sodium bicarbonate, sodium benzoate, sodium carbonate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, a systemic fungicide containing Mefenoxam and Mancozeb, and a control treatment. The treatments were settled in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The study found that there were significant variations in disease levels, potato tuber yield, and yield components among different treatments. Application of salts were found to be effective in reducing late blight disease, leading to higher yields. Among salts, the highest total tuber yield (23.59 and 22.02 t ha-1) was recorded from sodium bicarbonate at Meket and Wadla in 2019, respectively. The highest marginal rate of return (2,852%) was obtained from synthetic fungicide followed by 2,634% by sodium bicarbonate. Therefore, besides synthetic fungicide, foliar application of sodium bicarbonate can decrease potato late blight disease pressure and is advised to be considered as an alternative control measure.

Assessing Inorganic Salts for Effective Management of Late Blight Disease in Potatoes Kassaw, Admasie; Desale, Tesfaye; Mihretie, Aderajew; Ayalew, Abebe
International Journal on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Vol 6, No 3 (2025): Ij-FANRes
Publisher : Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources - NETWORKS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46676/ij-fanres.v6i3.561

Potato in Ethiopia is the primary tuber crop, and late blight poses a significant challenge to its production. Field experiments were carried out in Meket and Wadla during the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons to assess the use of salts in controlling late blight and its cost-effectiveness management strategies. The study included seven treatments: sodium bicarbonate, sodium benzoate, sodium carbonate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, a systemic fungicide containing Mefenoxam and Mancozeb, and a control treatment. The treatments were settled in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The study found that there were significant variations in disease levels, potato tuber yield, and yield components among different treatments. Application of salts were found to be effective in reducing late blight disease, leading to higher yields. Among salts, the highest total tuber yield (23.59 and 22.02 t ha-1) was recorded from sodium bicarbonate at Meket and Wadla in 2019, respectively. The highest marginal rate of return (2,852%) was obtained from synthetic fungicide followed by 2,634% by sodium bicarbonate. Therefore, besides synthetic fungicide, foliar application of sodium bicarbonate can decrease potato late blight disease pressure and is advised to be considered as an alternative control measure.

Assessment of Major Diseases and Insect Pests of Horticultural Crops in Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia Mihretie, Aderajew; Kassaw, Admasie; Gashaw, Berhan; Yimer, Desalegn; Ayalew, Abebe; Mihretie, Akalu
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 13 No. 01 (2026): Journal of Tropical Crop Science
Publisher : Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.13.01.1-19

Diseases and insect pests are serious problems affecting horticultural crops grown in mid and lowland areas. A systematic survey was conducted to assess the distribution, incidence, and severity/damage levels of diseases and insect pests of horticultural crops in the mid- and lowland areas of the North and South Wollo zones (Kalu, Tehuledere, Habru, and Kobo districts) during the 2017/2018 main and irrigation seasons. During the survey, a total of 279 fields on 14 different horticultural crop types were addressed. As revealed by the assessment, horticultural crops are subjected to numerous pests. Citrus woolly whitefly (Aleurothrixus floccosus) and leaf miner (Phyllocnistis citrella) on citrus; fruit flies (Thepritidea species) on coffee; diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) on cabbage; and thrips on onion were the most destructive insect pests in the area. Especially, woolly whitefly in Kobo and leaf miner in Kalu districts were the major pests of citrus, with severities of 38.97% and 31.84%, respectively. Regardless of location, leaf miner was the most severe pest (42.31%) at the seedling stage of citrus. whereas, anthracnose (Colletotrichum species) and powdery mildew (Oidium caricae) on mango, anthracnose on avocado, purple blotch (Alternaria porri) on onion, and black sigatoka (Pseudocercospora fijiensis) on banana were found to be the major diseases in their order of damage level and occurrence. This clearly indicates the need for regular and targeted pest monitoring on the one hand and the development of management options for the most important horticultural crop pests of the area on the other.

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