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All Journal International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Thi Hoai Thu Anh, An
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Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Comparison of speed loop control methods for IPM motor in electric vehicles Thi Hoai Thu Anh, An; Nhu, Tran Van; Hieu, Tran Trong
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) Vol 16, No 2: June 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i2.pp719-727

Abstract

With its outstanding features, such as high efficiency and torque-producing capability compared with the induction motor, the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) has been increasingly researched and used for electric vehicles. The speed control strategy for both low and high speeds of the IPMSM is studied in conjunction with controllers based on the field oriented control (FOC) structure to ensure accurate and stable system response under various operating conditions. This paper focuses on three control methods: sliding mode control (SMC), backstepping (BSP), and proportional integral (PI) for the speed loop to enhance system stability. Coupled with the presence of load disturbances, environmental disturbances, and uncertainties in parameters, comparisons and observations regarding the three methods can be made to conclude system stability and performance. Finally, simulation results on MATLAB/Simulink software confirm the effectiveness and validity of the proposed speed controllers.
Position control to expand the headlights’ angle of a car by DC motor drive system using PSO algorithm for speed loop Thi Hoai Thu Anh, An; Cong Duc, Pham; Dinh Huan, Le
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 14, No 2: April 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v14i2.8612

Abstract

Today, along with the robust development of society, cars are almost considered a primary means of transportation. This article focuses on designing headlight controls for older car models that are not equipped with adaptive headlight systems (AHS), which are different from modern cars such as Porsche, BMW, Audi, and Mercedes-Benz vehicles. The design is for a lighting system that operates during nighttime to improve illumination and enhance visibility in curves, with cost-effective and suitable solutions for average vehicles to ensure safety. This system uses a DC motor to control the headlight angle based on the steering wheel rotation. It is combined with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to find the best response parameters for the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. Research results on the MATLAB/Simulink and the experimental model show that the model established by this method has good accuracy, the controllers can significantly reduce the excessive deviation of the headlights’ operational precision, and traffic accidents can be minimized, increasing safety for users.
Sliding mode control for speed loop combined with MTPA strategy of IPMSM applied in electric vehicles Thi Hoai Thu Anh, An; Hung Cuong, Tran; Minh Chien, Duong
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 14, No 2: April 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v14i2.8581

Abstract

The interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) 's outstanding features, such as quick torque mobility capability, broad speed adjustability, robust mechanical structure, and high efficiency, make it particularly suitable for electric vehicle propulsion systems. This paper proposes a speed loop utilising the sliding mode control (SMC) with exponential reaching law and proportional-derivative term-ks, facilitating quicker transient responses and enhancing system stability. Moreover, coupling with the maximum torque per ampere strategy (MTPA) on current to improve motor torque in flux weakening region and to extend the adjustable range of motor speed for electric vehicle propulsion systems is discussed. Furthermore, with the proposed control methods and strategies, the system achieves stability despite environmental noise and uncertainties caused by uncertain parameters. Finally, simulation results conducted on MATLAB/Simulink software verify the correctness of the proposed control methods.
Application of traction force observer and sliding mode controller for speed in enhancing the stability of electric vehicles Thi Hoai Thu Anh, An; Van Hoa, Nguyen
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 14, No 6: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v14i6.9653

Abstract

With the rapid advancement of electric vehicle (EV) technology, optimizing control and stability has become a key research focus. One major challenge is efficiently distributing traction force while minimizing disturbances under real-world conditions. This paper proposes a traction force observation method combined with a sliding mode speed controller to enhance EV performance. The observation method estimates the traction force from the motor to the wheels and detects disturbances affecting force transmission. This enables optimal traction force distribution among the wheels, reducing slip, improving road grip, and enhancing stability in complex driving conditions. Meanwhile, the sliding mode controller flexibly adjusts traction force as the vehicle navigates various terrains, ensuring stability and safety in hazardous situations. Simulations conducted using MATLAB Simulink and CarSim demonstrate that the proposed system significantly improves EV stability and control performance. Although these results are promising, further studies are necessary to address real-world implementation challenges and optimize the method for practical applications, including parameter tuning, sensor integration, and experimental validation. Overall, this research provides a practical framework for enhancing traction control and vehicle dynamics in future intelligent electric mobility systems.
Co-Authors Cong Duc, Pham Dinh Huan, Le Hieu, Tran Trong Hung Cuong, Tran Minh Chien, Duong Nhu, Tran Van Van Hoa, Nguyen