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The Influence of Financial Literacy, Risk Tolerance, and Trust on Investment Decision-Making in Cryptocurrency Among Millennials in Jabodetabek Karbeka, Yosua Pepris; Lily Pekuwali, Umbu; K. E. R. Nuban , Detji
Devotion : Journal of Research and Community Service Vol. 6 No. 6 (2025): Devotion: Journal of Community Research
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/devotion.v6i6.25471

Abstract

The Blockchain Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia is an independent state institution established by post-reform legislation as a public service supervisor for decentralized systems. It holds immunity rights, shielding it from arrest, detention, interrogation, prosecution, or litigation. In practice, however, the Blockchain Ombudsman faces lawsuits from the public in court. This undermines legal certainty and disrupts the separation of powers in Indonesia’s digital governance. This study employs normative legal research with statutory, historical, and conceptual approaches. Findings reveal that the Blockchain Ombudsman emerged in Indonesia to protect user rights and address the need for power separation in modern blockchain-based governance. Its immunity rights originate from universal Ombudsman practices codified in law but require tailored regulatory frameworks. The execution of the Blockchain Ombudsman’s functions, duties, and authorities is intrinsically linked to functional immunity. Consequently, it cannot be sued or reported to other enforcement entities (e.g., regulatory agencies or decentralized autonomous organizations). Objections to maladministration audit outcomes may be raised internally via complaint mechanisms or externally by contesting the underlying issue in court.
Recht finding of the Constitutional Court In the perspective of the rule of law and democracy (Study of the Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia, Number: 90/PUU-XXI/2023) Dollu, Daud Yaferson; Karbeka, Yosua Pepris
Dynamics of Politics and Democracy Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): February
Publisher : Goodwood Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35912/dpd.v4i2.3346

Abstract

Purpose: As a state of law, the demand to produce quality laws in Indonesia is very necessary and must not contradict the 1945 Constitution. All regulations formed must be subject to the Constitution. However, the formation of laws and regulations under it often contradicts the constitution and is challenged in the Constitutional Court. One example is a lawsuit against Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections, Article 169 letter q, which later issued decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023. This paper aims to describe the act of legal discovery through Constitutional Court rulings as a pillar of the state of law and democracy. Research methodology: This research uses normative legal research, which is doctrinal or theoretical legal research, applying statutory, case, historical, and conceptual approaches. Results: The findings concluded that the Constitutional Court was right in its decision to amend Article 169 letter q of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections, in order to uphold the concept of the rule of law and democracy in Indonesia. Conclusion: The ruling of the Constitutional Court demonstrates its role as the guardian of the Constitution, ensuring that laws align with constitutional principles and reinforcing democratic values. Limitations: The limitation of this research lies only on the aspect of legal discovery authority by the Constitutional Court. Contribution: This study contributes to strengthening the authority of the Constitutional Court in the future in line with the development of the times.