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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Energy Cakradonya Dental Journal
Ardyarum, Mahfita
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Dentistry Energy Public Health

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POTENSI OBAT KUMUR BERBAHAN CITRUS SINENSIS MENURUNKAN VIRAL LOAD COVID-19 DI RONGGA MULUT (STUDI PUSTAKA) Rachmatillah, Amira; Ardyarum, Mahfita; Rachmawati, Yuanita Lely
Cakradonya Dental Journal Vol 14, No 2 (2022): Agustus 2022
Publisher : FKG Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/cdj.v14i2.23680

Abstract

Wabah COVID-19 disebabkan oleh coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mengakibatkan sindrom pernafasan akut parah dengan sel yang ditargetkan; sel epitel hidung dan bronkus dan pneumosit. SARS-CoV-2 menggunakan tipe 2 transmembran serine protease (TMPRSS2) sebagai media untuk membelah angiotensin 2 converting enzyme receptor (ACE2) dan mengaktifkan protein SAR-CoV-2. ACE2 banyak ditemukan pada sel epitel lidah. Lonjakan protein struktural virus (S) menunjukkan adanya infeksi pada sel yang ditargetkan. Penularan SARS-CoV-2 terjadi terutama melalui droplet dari kontak tatap muka atau permukaan yang terkontaminasi, dengan rongga mulut sebagai salah satu pintu masuk agen infeksi. Tujuan studi pustaka ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi obat kumur yang mengandung senyawa bioaktif flavonoid dari citrus sinensis untuk mengurangi viral load SARS-CoV-2. Ekstrak flavonoid seperti hesperidin dari citrus sinensis dapat menghambat respon imun bawaan dan melawan COVID-19. Hesperidin dapat memblokir COVID-19 masuk melalui reseptor ACE2 dengan meningkatkan kekebalan seluler inang terhadap infeksi dan aktivitas anti-inflamasi yang baik. Hesperidin yang dihasilkan dari proses ekstraksi hidroalkohol diencerkan dengan air suling untuk membuat larutan 4%(v/v) kemudian ditambahkan aspartam dan sodium benzoat untuk pembuatan sediaan obat kumur. Hasil studi ini dapat disimpulkan hesperidin dari kulit citrus sinensis dalam sediaan obat kumur dapat mengurangi viral load coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) dalam rongga mulut melalui pengikatan reseptor ACE2.
Policy Instruments Reform for Growth and Renewable Energy Transition in the Southeast Asia Region Ardyarum, Mahfita
Indonesian Journal of Energy Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Energy
Publisher : Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33116/ije.v9i1.287

Abstract

One of the strategies used to decrease the production of greenhouse gases is to promote the use of clean, renewable energy. Mitigation initiatives are also part of the action plan to meet the Paris Agreement, which aims to keep global temperature rise below 1.5°C. The growth of the new and renewable energy mix is influenced by a variety of factors, including the economy, technology, energy consumption behavior, financial support, and policy instruments implemented by a country. The novelty of this study lies in examining the effects of five policy tools (i.e., net metering, feed-in tariffs, renewable portfolio standards/quotas, tax incentives, and auctions) on renewable energy growth across Southeast Asian countries grouped by gross domestic product per capita level, which are high (i.e., Singapore, Brunei), upper-middle (i.e., Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand), and lower-middle (i.e., Cambodia, Myanmar). A fixed-effect model under the Feasible Generalized Least Squares approach was used for panel data estimation with data spanning from 2010 to 2022. It was found that of the 5 policy instruments utilized, net metering, feed-in tariffs, and renewable energy portfolios had a substantial impact on the accelerating renewable energy growth. In comparison, auctions and tax incentives did not. According to the findings, the three types of policy instruments can be strengthened and utilized as recommendations to accelerate the transition to new and renewable energy.
Co-Authors Rachmatillah, Amira Yuanita Lely Rachmawati