Hartinie Abd Aziz
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Corporate Responsibility for Hazardous Waste Pollution Based on Environmental Regulations Asyfa Prasasti; Wahyu Nugroho; Hartinie Abd Aziz
Walisongo Law Review (Walrev) Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/walrev.2025.7.1.25865

Abstract

Industrial development has significantly contributed to national economic growth; however, it has simultaneously posed serious ecological risks due to inadequate management of hazardous and toxic waste. Although a robust legal framework exists—primarily through Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management and Government Regulation No. 101 of 2014 on Hazardous and Toxic Waste Management—the weak enforcement of corporate accountability mechanisms in practice has further complicated this issue. Accordingly, this article examines corporate legal responsibility for environmental pollution caused by hazardous and toxic waste within the framework of Indonesia’s environmental law. Employing a juridical-empirical method through statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches, the research analyzes the application of legal doctrines such as the polluter pays principle, strict liability, vicarious liability, and identification theory in enforcing corporate accountability for environmental pollution. The findings reveal that most companies have failed to comply with waste management standards due to weak supervision, regulatory ambiguity, and inconsistent sanctions, resulting in recurring environmental violations. Only a small number of corporations have been effectively held accountable under civil, administrative, or criminal law. Therefore, strengthening regulatory harmonization, improving the effectiveness of law enforcement, and integrating corporate responsibility principles are urgent measures for achieving sustainable industrial governance. Ultimately, a transparent and stringent accountability framework serves as a key instrument for upholding the polluter pays principle while safeguarding public health and environmental sustainability. Pembangunan industri telah memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional, namun di sisi lain menimbulkan risiko ekologis yang serius akibat lemahnya pengelolaan limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun. Meskipun telah terdapat landasan hukum yang kuat, khususnya melalui Undang-Undang No. 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup serta Peraturan Pemerintah No. 101 Tahun 2014 tentang Pengelolaan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun, lemahnya penegakan mekanisme pertanggungjawaban korporasi dalam praktik justru mempersulit permasalahan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini mengkaji tanggung jawab hukum korporasi atas pencemaran lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun dalam kerangka hukum lingkungan di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan metode yuridis-empiris melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan studi kasus, penelitian ini menganalisis penerapan doktrin hukum seperti polluter pays principle, strict liability, vicarious liability, dan identification theory dalam penegakan tanggung jawab korporasi terhadap pencemaran lingkungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar perusahaan belum mematuhi standar pengelolaan limbah karena lemahnya pengawasan, ketidakjelasan regulasi, dan ketidakkonsistenan sanksi, sehingga pelanggaran lingkungan terus berulang. Hanya sebagian kecil korporasi yang berhasil dimintai pertanggungjawaban secara perdata, administratif, maupun pidana. Dengan demikian, penguatan harmonisasi regulasi, peningkatan efektivitas penegakan hukum, serta integrasi prinsip tanggung jawab korporasi menjadi langkah mendesak dalam mewujudkan tata kelola industri yang berkelanjutan. Pada akhirnya, kerangka pertanggungjawaban yang transparan dan tegas menjadi instrumen penting untuk menegakkan polluter pays principle sekaligus melindungi kesehatan masyarakat dan keberlanjutan ekosistem. Keywords: Corporate Responsibility; Hazardous Waste; Environmental Law; Strict Liability.
The Growth of Takaful Industry in the Muslim World: A Comparative Case Study between Malaysia and Saudi Arabia Ossofo, Assane; Hartinie Abd Aziz
Yuridika Vol. 41 No. 1 (2026): Volume 41 No 1, January 2026
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ydk.v41i1.52434

Abstract

Despite recent decades' growth of the industry's Takaful importance in Muslim-majority states, comparative studies on its growth across the regions are limited. Although Takaful has a modest market share on a global scale, it has shown appreciable growth within states like Malaysia, UAE, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Morocco, and Bahrain. Islamic Finance Development Indicator (2018) estimated that Takaful would be USD 72 billion by 2023. Through a library-based qualitative research, growth of the sector in Saudi Arabia and Malaysia during 2017–2020 has been compared using key drivers of growth identification. The findings suggest that there has been considerable industry growth both countries, facilitated by the demand from the majority populations for shariah-compatible options for traditional insurance products. Religious commitments, demographic alignments, and supportive institutional arrangements have come out as the decisive enablers for growth. The research brings out how each of these factors contributes uniquely with national specificities, modifying Takaful growth paths differently across the two countries. By comparing Saudi Arabia's market sophistication with that of Malaysia's innovative regulation, the research highlights socio-cultural and structural dynamics' role for Islamic finance growth. This study helps to apprehend how faith-based considerations and institutional malleability shape the growth of Takaful across different contexts, guiding policymakers and industry actors to harness massive growth opportunities for their markets.