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All Journal Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management
Gharbi , Moshtaq Ahmed
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Estimation of water runoff and harvestability of the valley of Haliwat Basin, Western Desert using SCS-CN model Gharbi , Moshtaq Ahmed; Salh , Abdulqader Mahdi; Khalaf , Mohmood Jameel
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 12 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2025.124.8149

Abstract

The area under study is one of the dry climates, characterized by seasonal rainfall in the winter only. It also contains no stations for measuring the amount of rainwater that falls. Therefore, the study aimed to estimate the amount of rainwater falling using indirect mathematical methods to estimate the amount of water that can be stored behind the dams built in this valley, which will be reflected in the better management of this water and its sustainability for various uses. The final runoff values for the valley of Haliwat Basin were calculated based on the total annual rainfall and the maximum soil water retention potential (S) for 2023. The natural characteristics, including land uses, the degree of slope of the land surface, and the soil properties (HSG), were used to create a hydrograph curve to estimate the rainwater, from which the volume of water that can be stored in one season can be calculated. This depends on a set of main factors, namely the depth and volume of the water flow, the accumulation of water from the rain at the beginning of the rainfall, as well as what is lost from this rain due to evaporation and seepage into the ground, and what is absorbed by the plants. Through the measurements, the quantities of water flow varied between 50/m3 and 376/m3. The storage capacity of water in the areas of dams established within the valley basin was estimated at 14,363 m3/year.
Assessment of environmental degradation of land and its impact on agricultural production in western Iraq Jassim, Mayada Safaa; Gharbi , Moshtaq Ahmed; Hussein , Adnan Neama; Salh, Abdulqader Mahdi
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management Vol. 12 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15243/jdmlm.2025.125.8807

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze environmental and agricultural changes in Al-Qa'im District (the district center and Al-Ubaidi sub-district) during the period from 2000 to 2023, using spectral indices (NDVI, SAVI, BSI, and LDI) derived from satellite remote sensing data and geographic information systems. The results showed that the region suffers from clear environmental fragility and intense interaction between climatic and human factors, leading to a marked decline in vegetation cover. The area decreased from 953 km² in 2000 to 820 km² in 2023. Barren areas with high BSI values ??expanded from 2,128 to 3,118 km², while severely degraded areas, according to the LDI index, increased from 1,817 to 2,071 km². At the agricultural level, strategic crops have witnessed significant changes. The area under wheat cultivation increased from 36.08 km² to 125 km², with production doubling from 5,551.5 tons to 50,000 tons. While barley remained limited in area, its productivity increased significantly, especially in the Al-Ubaidi sub-district. Maize crops expanded significantly, with the area increasing from 4.2 km² to 45 km², and production increasing from 2,633.5 to 45,000 tons. The study revealed a clear gap between natural potential and human effort, and calls for improved natural resource management efficiency and the adoption of balanced and sustainable development strategies to reduce desertification and improve land productivity.
Co-Authors Hussein , Adnan Neama Jassim, Mayada Safaa Khalaf , Mohmood Jameel Salh , Abdulqader Mahdi Salh, Abdulqader Mahdi