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All Journal Global South Review Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional Fajar
Umam, Azyumardi mumtazul
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Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences Other

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Kerjasama Regional dalam Dinamika Global: Efektivitas Rezim APEC di Tengah Perang Dagang AS-Tiongkok 2018-2020 Umam, Azyumardi mumtazul
Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional Fajar Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Edisi Juni
Publisher : Prodi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, Universitas Fajar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47354/jihif.v3i2.952

Abstract

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the APEC regime during the 2018-2020 US-China trade war, focusing on APEC's capacity to address tensions using Arild Underdal's regime effectiveness theory. The aim is to provide recommendations to enhance APEC's role in managing global trade conflicts using qualitative, descriptive-analytical methods using Underdal's framework, examining dependent, independent, and intervention variables. Secondary data from credible books, journals, and articles form the basis of the analysis. APEC is struggling with structural issues, geopolitical competition, and implementation challenges. Despite the declaration, national interests dominate, limiting cohesive and impactful policies. APEC needs stronger coordination, institutional mechanisms, and inclusive leadership to enhance its effectiveness in mitigating trade conflicts. Keywords: APEC, Regime Effectiveness, US-China Trade War
Navigating Conflict: The Impact of Sudan Civil War on China's Energy Security Strategies (2023-2025) Umam, Azyumardi Mumtazul
Global South Review Vol 7, No 3 (2025): Global South Review
Publisher : Institute of International Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/globalsouth.111384

Abstract

This study examines China’s strategic response to the disruption of its energy interests following the outbreak of Sudan’s civil war in 2023. As a key African partner in China’s external energy portfolio, Sudan’s instability posed direct risks to Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) such as CNPC and Sinopec. Employing a qualitative single-case study and grounded in Neorealism and Resource Dependence Theory (RDT), the research analyzes China's adaptive strategies using triangulated documentary data and NVivo-assisted thematic coding. Three core responses are identified: diversification of energy sources, informal political engagement with Sudanese actors, and technical-institutional adaptation by SOEs. Findings reveal a hybrid strategic posture in which China balances its non-interventionist doctrine with pragmatic adjustments in conflict zones. SOEs emerge as semi-autonomous agents capable of navigating political fragmentation and operational uncertainty, demonstrating infrastructural relocation, security corridor formation, and decentralized decision-making. This paper contributes to international relations scholarship by highlighting how great powers manage resource dependency amid geopolitical volatility. It challenges conventional assumptions about the rigidity of China’s foreign policy, showing its evolving flexibility under fragmented state conditions. The study recommends comparative research across other conflict-affected regions to test the generalizability of this adaptive model.
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