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Ehichoya, Martins
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Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Social Sciences

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Service Sector Output and Economic Growth In Nigeria: An Autoregressive Distributive Lag and ECM Approach Ehichoya, Martins; Isokpan, Ruth Esohe
Journal of Entrepreneurship & Business Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business (June)
Publisher : Program MM Universitas Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24123/jeb.v6i2.7545

Abstract

Purpose: Recent technological advancements in manufacturing have diminished employment opportunities for low-skilled workers, particularly in developing economies, resulting in slower job creation and productivity growth. In light of this challenge, many nations are seeking alternative pathways to stimulate economic expansion. This study examines the potential of Nigeria's service sector as a driver of growth, focusing on the impact of key sub-sectors, Education (EDU), Real Estate (RES), Health Services (HES), and Trade (TRD) alongside government regulation (proxied by inflation). Method: The study uses Central Bank of Nigeria data (1981–2023) and applies econometric techniques, including the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test, Johansen Cointegration test, and Error Correction Mechanism (ECM). These assess stationarity, long-run equilibrium, and short-term dynamics. The ADF test confirms stationarity after first differencing, while cointegration reveals five long-term equilibrium relationships. Result: HES significantly boost short-term economic growth, while TRD has a positive but insignificant effect. RES negatively impacts growth, whereas EDU shows an insignificant negative link. To improve performance, the study recommends increased healthcare investment, sustained public administration expansion, and financial reforms to strengthen the service sector, mitigating adverse effects and promoting sustainable growth.
A Multi-Product, Single Period Sustainable Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network Design: A Scenario-Based Stochastic Optimization Approach Ehichoya, Martins; Osagiede , Augustine Aideyan
Journal of Entrepreneurship & Business Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025): Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business (October)
Publisher : Program MM Universitas Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24123/jeb.v6i3.7856

Abstract

Purpose: This study examined the optimization of a stochastic sustainable closed-loop supply chain network for multi-product, single-period operations in a beverage company in Benin City, Nigeria, with a focus on five beverage products (Coke, Fanta, Sprite, Big Cola, and Eva). Method: The research employed a scenario-based stochastic mixed integer linear programming (SMILP) modeling approach to address demand uncertainties while minimizing costs and environmental impact. The network integrates forward and reverse logistics, including manufacturing, warehousing, retailing, disposal, recycling, recovery, redistribution, and remanufacturing stages. Result: Key findings reveal optimal product allocation scenarios for each product, demonstrating significant cost savings through remanufacturing and recycling. For instance, 94-100% of PET bottles were recovered and reused, reducing reliance on virgin materials and lowering production costs. The total environmental impact was quantified at 481,360 kg of CO₂, with variations across products due to differences in recycling efficiency and reverse logistics costs. The total network cost was optimized to N144,315,000, balancing economic and sustainability objectives. The study highlights the viability of closed-loop supply chains in emerging markets, emphasizing the role of stochastic optimization in managing demand variability. Practical implications include strategies for enhancing resource efficiency, reducing waste, and improving circular economy practices in the beverage industry.
Co-Authors Isokpan, Ruth Esohe Osagiede , Augustine Aideyan