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Internal and External Factors Affecting Banking Profitability: Evidence from Dual Banking System in Indonesia Ikhsana, Nadya Ramadhani; Achsani, Noer Azam; Irfany, Mohammad Iqbal
Islamic Economics Methodology Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Islamic Economics Methodology
Publisher : SMART Insight

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58968/iem.v4i1.612

Abstract

Implementing the dual banking system in Indonesia offers options for customers to use banking services. Before selecting which service to use, customers should perceive each bank's advantages and disadvantages. It can be carried out by conducting a performance evaluation of each bank that generates high profitability measured by the Return on Assets (ROA) value. This study aims to perform internal and external factors analysis that affect bank profitability and to compare profitability between Islamic and Conventional banking in Indonesia using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) method. The result shows that variable Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) have a significant positive effect on Islamic Model in the long term, whereas policy rate and oil price (COP) hold a significant negative effect. In the Conventional Model, variable CAR, policy rate, and COP hold a significant positive effect, while the exchange rate shows a negative effect. FEVD results indicate that in Islamic Model, the diversity of banking profitability can be explained by various variables, indicating that Islamic banking is more engaged in the real sector than conventional banking.
Modeling the Dimensions of Globalization, Economic Growth, Inequality, and Poverty in Indonesia Using VAR/VECM Method Nindien, Qurrota Ayu; Ikhsana, Nadya Ramadhani; Armunanto, Yohanes Novi
Integra: Journal of Integrated Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): November
Publisher : Magister Program of Mathematics, Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/integrajimcs.20252345

Abstract

This study analyzes the relationship between various dimensions of globalization, economic growth indicators, inequality, and poverty in Indonesia using a VECM framework. All variables are stationary at the first difference, and the Johansen cointegration test identifies four cointegrating vectors, indicating a long-run equilibrium among poverty (POV), FDI, inequality (GR), unemployment (UE), economic openness (IEG), economic cooperation (IEC), and social openness (ISG). Based on the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), a lag order of two is selected, and the VAR stability test confirms that the model is valid. In the long run, FDI, GR, UE, IEG, and ISG significantly influence poverty, whereas IEC shows no significant effect. FDI, IEG, GR, and ISG contribute to poverty reduction, while UE increases poverty. No variable exhibits short-run significance, but the significant error correction term (ECT) reflects a gradual adjustment toward long-term equilibrium. The FEVD results show that up to the tenth period, the variance in POV is primarily explained by POV itself (63.97%), followed by ISG (15.77%), GR (12.76%), and UE (5.49%), whereas FDI, IEG, and IEC contribute less than 1%. Overall, poverty dynamics in Indonesia are largely driven by their own persistence, with additional contributions from social openness and inequality.