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All Journal JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI Jurnal Pijar MIPA
Putra, Ananta Adita Eka
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering Mathematics Physics

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Cyclic Voltammetric Analysis of Retinol in Facial Serum Putra, Ananta Adita Eka; Setiarso, Pirim
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9397

Abstract

Retinol is an active compound within the retinoid group, derived from vitamin A and characterized by the presence of a cyclohexenyl ring structure. It is commonly incorporated into cosmetic formulations, particularly facial serums. To ensure product safety and efficacy, facial serums containing retinol must comply with established concentration limits to avoid overclaiming. Various analytical methods have been developed and utilized to determine retinol concentration. This research focuses on determining the amount of retinol present in facial serum by employing the cyclic voltammetry technique.. Cyclic voltammetry is an electrochemical method employed to evaluate the activity of specific compounds in solution by measuring the current generated between two electrodes as a function of the applied potential, which is cyclically varied from an initial to a final value and back again. In this study, the analysis was performed using a carbon paste electrode modified with ZnO and TiO₂ nanoparticles in a ratio of 3:2:3:2. The measurement of retinol in facial serum was carried out using a 5000 ppm KCl solution as the supporting electrolyte, phosphate buffer solution at pH 5, a deposition time of 20 seconds, and a scan rate of 0.25 V/s. The retinol concentration in the serum samples was determined based on a standard calibration curve described by the linear equation y = 0.0000355x + 0.00137, with a correlation coefficient of R = 0.99979, indicating excellent linearity. Based on the calibration curve, the retinol concentrations in the facial serum samples were found to be 0.023% for brand A, 0.021% for brand B, and 0.022% for brand C with a LoD value of 0.001 ppm and a LoQ value of 0.003 ppm. The findings indicate that cyclic voltammetry has the potential to be widely applied in routine quality control within the cosmetic industry, offering an efficient and cost-effective analytical solution to ensure the stability and effectiveness of active ingredients in cosmetic products.
Modification of a Carbon Paste Sensor with TiO₂ and ZnO Nanoparticles for the Cyclic Voltammetric Detection of Retinol Putra, Ananta Adita Eka; Setiarso, Pirim
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 6 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 6 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.6.327-335

Abstract

Retinol, a compound belonging to the retinoid group derived from vitamin A, is widely used in cosmetic formulations due to its proven efficacy in skin care. Analytical determination of retinol is commonly performed using conventional techniques such as HPLC and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. An alternative analytical method that offers potential yet remains underexplored is cyclic voltammetry. In this study, a cyclic voltammetry method for retinol analysis was developed using a modified carbon paste working electrode. The modification was done by adding ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles to improve the electrode’s sensitivity. The sol-gel technique was employed to produce ZnO nanoparticles, which were then analyzed for their characteristics using several instruments, namely XRD, SEM, and FTIR. TiO2 nanoparticles were also subjected to characterization. The results of the study on ZnO nanoparticle synthesis demonstrated an average particle size measuring 30.5 nm. The optimum electrode composition was obtained at a ratio of 3:2:3:2 (Carbon: ZnO Nanoparticles: TiO2 Nanoparticles: Paraffin), producing an anodic peak current (IpA) of 4.58 × 10−3 A under optimum pH conditions at pH 7. As the generated peak current increases, the conductivity increases, as electron transfer for the reduction and oxidation processes becomes more facile. Applying this method to retinol analysis in brands X, Y, and Z facial serums yielded retinol contents of 0.00450 ppm, 0.00464 ppm, and 0.00427 ppm. The voltammetric method showed a LoD = 0.001029 ppm and LoQ = 0.003430 ppm, respectively. These results indicate that a ZnO and TiO2 modified carbon paste electrode is an effective tool for analyzing retinol by cyclic voltammetry.
Co-Authors Pirim Setiarso