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All Journal Enrichment: Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development International Journal of Enterprise Modelling
Setyowati, Danny
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Humanities Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Engineering Health Professions Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Library & Information Science Mathematics Social Sciences Transportation

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Journal : International Journal of Enterprise Modelling

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Transformation of the state defense paradigm in building the nation's information and cognitive resilience in the era of global disinformation Nugroho, Anton; Rimbawa, H.A Danang; Setyowati, Danny
International Journal of Enterprise Modelling Vol. 20 No. 1 (2026): January: Publishing Process (Inpress)
Publisher : International Enterprise Integration Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/int.jo.emod.v20i1.168

Abstract

The escalation of global disinformation has redefined the meaning of national defense, shifting it from a conventional military paradigm to a contested cognitive domain that challenges the integrity of truth and the resilience of public reason. This study addresses the problem of Indonesia’s fragmented and reactive defense policy in responding to the intensifying threats of information warfare that undermine democratic stability and societal cohesion. The research aims to formulate a transformative framework for national defense that prioritizes information resilience and cognitive preparedness as strategic pillars of sovereignty. Employing a systematic literature review (SLR) guided by the PRISMA 2020 protocol, the study analyzed 610 relevant academic and policy documents published between 2016 and 2025. The findings reveal that Indonesia’s national information defense remains dominated by defensive and bureaucratic approaches, weakened by poor inter-agency coordination, limited digital human resource competence, and the absence of a permanent coordinating body. Compared to Finland and Germany, Indonesia still treats digital literacy as an auxiliary policy rather than a strategic defense tool. The study concludes that safeguarding the state in the digital era requires reconstructing national defense policies toward an integrated, anticipatory, and human-centered system that transforms citizens into cognitive defenders of truth within a resilient and democratic information ecosystem.
Strategies for fostering national defense awareness in Indonesia: analysis of the 2022–2024 National Defense Index Nugroho, Anton; Rimbawa, H.A Danang; Setyowati, Danny; Aritonang, Sovian
International Journal of Enterprise Modelling Vol. 20 No. 1 (2026): January: Publishing Process (Inpress)
Publisher : International Enterprise Integration Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/int.jo.emod.v20i1.171

Abstract

Strategic geopolitical shifts, digital disruption, and the rise of non-military threats require Indonesia’s national defense policy to move beyond normative and ceremonial approaches toward adaptive and measurable governance. This study analyzes the effectiveness of the National Defense Awareness Development Policy (PKBN) by examining regulatory coherence, cross-sectoral governance, and the role of the National Defense Index (IBN) as an evaluation instrument. Using a convergent mixed-methods design, this research integrates qualitative regulatory analysis with quantitative comparative analysis of IBN data from 2022 and 2024. The findings indicate that although PKBN has a relatively comprehensive legal foundation, its implementation remains administratively oriented and weakly integrated across actors. The national IBN score shows relative stability with a marginal increase, reaching 3.50 in 2024, yet significant disparities persist across regions and dimensions, particularly in Love for the Homeland (CTA) and Initial Defense Capability (KAB), with weaker performance observed in Papua and Southeast Sulawesi. These results demonstrate that IBN can function not only as an aggregate measurement tool but as a policy compass linking inputs, processes, and outcomes when supported by structured performance indicators and feedback mechanisms. Strengthening network-based governance, digitized evaluation systems, and differentiated regional interventions is therefore essential to transform PKBN into a measurable and adaptive instrument of national resilience toward Indonesia Emas 2045.
Co-Authors Anton Nugroho Aritonang, Sovian Rimbawa, Danang Rimbawa, H.A Danang