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All Journal Sulesana Aqidah-Ta: Jurnal Ilmu Aqidah
Almutawallid
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Religion Education

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DIALEKTIKA ANTARA HUSHULI, HUDHURI, BAYANI, IRFANI DAN BURHANI: (Term Epistemologi Filsafat Islam Modern) Almutawallid
Aqidah-ta: Jurnal Ilmu Aqidah Vol 9 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Prodi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Filsafat UIN Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/aqidahta.v9i2.58776

Abstract

This article examines the dialectic between various schools of thought in Islamic philosophy:  Hushuli, Huduri, Bayani, Irfani, and Burhani, employing a qualitative philosophical approach through library research.  The primary focus is twofold: First, the debate between Hushuli and Huduri, centered on whether knowledge is correspondence-based (knowledge about—external), or immanent (knowledge by presence—internal).  Second, the debate between Bayani, Burhani, and Irfani, focusing on how knowledge is produced, its object, and its source. The research reveals that, firstly, the Hushuli school posits knowledge as correspondence-based, requiring an exchange of information between subject and object—an external process.  Conversely, the Huduri school argues for immanent knowledge, asserting that knowledge is inherently present, directly experienced reality, emphasizing personal experience, reason, reflection, and contemplation—an internal process. Secondly, regarding Bayani, Burhani, and Irfani, the research shows that Bayani views texts as the object of knowledge and truth, with reason as its instrument.  Burhani, on the other hand, considers the universe/reality as its object, utilizing rationality and empirical observation (laboratory methods) as its primary tools.  Irfani, however, posits the God-knowing soul as the object of knowledge, arguing that rationality and raw texts are insufficient;  intuition (kashf) and inner reflection are necessary.  Knowledge, in this perspective, is attained through direct divine illumination.  
TELAAH PEMIKIRAN MULYADI KARTANEGARA: DEKONSTRUKSI DAN REKONSTRUKSI KEILMUAN MODERN Almutawallid
Sulesana Vol 19 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sulesana: Jurnal Wawasan Keislaman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/sulesana.v19i2.60860

Abstract

This article examines the thought of Mulyadhi Kartanegara on the deconstruction and reconstruction of modern science through a library research method and philosophical-analytical approach. The study focuses on three main aspects: first, tracing the historical and intellectual background of Mulyadhi Kartanegara; second, analyzing his concept of the Islamization of modern science; and third, exploring his idea of scientific integration. The findings indicate that Mulyadhi Kartanegara is a prominent Indonesian Muslim thinker who offers a profound critique of the dominance of modern Western epistemology. He highlights the inconsistencies of reductionist scientific approaches that neglect spiritual and metaphysical dimensions. His concept of Islamization does not imply a rejection of modernity, but rather an effort to reconstruct an Islamic knowledge system that is integral, contextual, and grounded in tawḥīd. In terms of scientific integration, he emphasizes the need to combine four epistemological approaches: empirical (indrawi), rational (burhani), intuitive (ʿirfani), and textual (bayani). The reconstruction of modern science, in his view, must begin with a fundamental reassessment of its epistemological foundations so that science becomes not merely a tool of technological utility, but a path toward maʿrifah and divine wisdom. Thus, Islam can emerge as an active subject in shaping a holistic and transcendental scientific civilization.
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