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EFFECT RATIO OF RAW MATERIALS AND SOLVENTS EXTRACTION OF AVOCADO SEED (PERSEA AMERICANA) FOR NATURAL PESTICIDES Amborowati, Cindi; Siti Syamsiyah; Wahyu Fahrul Rozy
SPIN JURNAL KIMIA & PENDIDIKAN KIMIA Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): January - June 2025
Publisher : UIN Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20414/spin.v7i1.12685

Abstract

Hingga saat ini serangga pengganggu tanaman masih menjadi tantangan dalam semua jenis pertanian. Pestisida alami adalah bahan alam yang dapat digunakan untuk mengendalikan hama tersebut. Salah satu bahan alam yang bisa dimanfaatkan adalah ekstrak biji alpukat. Biji alpukat mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid, fenolik, tanin, dan saponin yang dapat berfungsi sebagai racun pada sistem pencernaan serangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rasio volume pelarut tehadap masa bahan baku yang digunakan dalam proses ekstraksi biji alpukat. Pada penelitian ini bahan baku yang digunakan adalah 30 gram dengan variasi rasio volume pelarut dan massa bahan baku sebesar (1:25), (1:30), (1:35), (1:40), dan (1:45). Pestisida nabati yang dihasilkan diuji efektivitasnya menggunakan LD50 terhadap kematian jangkrik. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh hasil uji skrining fitokimia yang dilakukan pada setiap variasi volume massa bahan baku mengidentifikasi adanya senyawa alkaloid, fenolik tanin, dan saponin. Hasil analisa toksisitas LD50 terendah pada rasio volume pelarut dan bahan baku (1:40) dan (1:45) yaitu 707,9 mg/kgBB dengan tingkat toksisitas kategori sedang.   Until now, plant pests have been a challenge in all types of agriculture. Natural pesticides are natural ingredients that can be used to control these pests. One natural ingredient that can be used is avocado seed extract. Avocado seeds contain secondary metabolite compounds such as flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, and saponins, which can function as toxins in the digestive system of insects. This research aims to determine the effect of the solvent volume ratio on the mass of the raw material used in the avocado seed extraction process. In this study, the raw material used was 30 grams with varying ratios of solvent volume and raw material mass, specifically (1:25), (1:30), (1:35), (1:40), and (1:45). The resulting botanical pesticide was tested for effectiveness using the LD50 against cricket mortality. In this study, the results of phytochemical screening tests carried out on each variation in mass volume of raw materials identified the presence of alkaloids, phenolic tannins, and saponins. The lowest LD50 toxicity analysis results were in the solvent and raw material volume ratio (1:40) and (1:45), namely 707.9 mg/kgBW with a medium category toxicity level.
Optimization of Natural Dye Extraction from Avocado Skin (Percea Americana Mill) Using the Taguchi Method Amborowati, Cindi; Hidayat, Arif; Retno Sawitri, Dyah
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Kimia Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): JURNAL ILMIAH TEKNIK KIMIA
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Universitas Pamulang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32493/jitk.v9i1.46230

Abstract

Natural dyes were created to replace the use of artificial dyes. One plant that can be used as a natural dye is avocado skin (Percea Americana Mill). Avocado skin can be extracted using Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) to obtain tannins as color pigments. The aim of this research is to optimize process conditions and evaluate the influence of the interaction of factors that influence the extraction process of natural dyes from avocado skin using the Taguchi method. The research method begins with cleaning, drying and reducing the size of the avocado skin as desired. Then the avocado skin is extracted using the UAE method with varying ultrasonic power, extraction time, and the ratio of ingredients and solvents. Then it is evaporated using a rotary evaporator to evaporate the remaining solvent. The resulting extract was then analyzed for total tannins to optimize the extraction process using the Taguchi method. From the experimental results, the optimum yield was obtained at an ultrasonic power of 75%, a material and solvent ratio of 1:04, and an extraction time of 60 minutes. The optimum tannin concentration was obtained at a material and solvent ratio of 1:12, extraction time of 35 minutes, and ultrasonic power of 25%.