Zainal, Muhammad Zuhair
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Unleashing gamification: a systematic review in primary schools Yusri, Ahmad Afandi; Zainal, Muhammad Zuhair
Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) Vol 19, No 4: November 2025
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/edulearn.v19i4.22009

Abstract

The implementation of gamification in primary education has garnered significant attention for its potential to enhance learning experiences and outcomes. This systematic review examines the integration of gamification across various subjects in primary education from 2022 to 2024, focusing on the types of strategies employed and their impacts. By analyzing 27 studies selected through the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) framework, this review reveals that gamification is widely applied in subjects such as language learning, mathematics, science, and many topics utilizing both digital and non-digital approaches. The findings indicate improvements in academic performance, motivation, engagement, and skill development. However, gaps remain in understanding the long-term effects, impacts on different learning styles, and potential negative consequences. Future research should explore these areas through longitudinal studies and the integration of emerging technologies in gamified learning environment.
Validity and reliability of the questionnaire of Chinese self-efficacy for Chinese as a second language learners in China Peng, Yulan; Zainal, Muhammad Zuhair
International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol 14, No 4: August 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v14i4.33568

Abstract

Self-efficacy is a pivotal predictor of academic success in second language learning. With the growing enrollment of international students in Chinese language programs in China, there is a pressing need for validated tools to assess self-efficacy among Chinese as a second language (CSL) learners. This study addresses this need by adapting and validating the English-Chinese questionnaire of Chinese self-efficacy (QCSE) from the original questionnaire of English self-efficacy (QESE). Using a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 174 international college students in Jiangxi Province for psychometric evaluation. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) assessed the instrument’s reliability and validity, with results showing a high overall Cronbach’s alpha of 0.942 and strong dimension-specific values (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) ranging from 0.915 to 0.927. All item outer loadings exceeded 0.7, and the average variance extracted (AVE) values were above 0.5, confirming the robustness of the QCSE. This validated instrument addresses a critical gap in CSL self-efficacy assessment and provides valuable insights for learners, educators, and policymakers.