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All Journal Sphatika: Jurnal Teologi Pangkaja: Jurnal Agama Hindu
Anak Agung Ayu Alit Widyawati
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Bhuta Yajna Dalam Teks Aji Swamandala Harsananda, Hari; Anak Agung Ayu Alit Widyawati
Sphatika: Jurnal Teologi Vol 16 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25078/sphatika.v16i1.4799

Abstract

Bhuta Yajna is part of the five Yajna ceremonies commonly performed in Bali. Through Bhuta Yajna, humans maintain the balance of nature, which is an implementation of the Tri Hita Karana teaching. One of the texts that discusses Bhuta Yajna is the Aji Swamandala text. The study of Bhuta Yajna in this text is a form of qualitative research that employs hermeneutic theory to analyze it, using the Aji Swamandala text as the primary source, which has been translated and transcribed.The form of Bhuta Yajna in the Aji Swamandala text includes Caru, specifically Caruning Sasih, which serves to harmonize time, and Tawur Kesanga, known as Caruning Palemahan, which functions to harmonize nature and maintain environmental peace.The theological meaning behind the practice of Bhuta Yajna is related to Totemism Theology, which originates from animism—the belief that spirits inhabit the entire world. In this theological perspective, animals and plants are considered suitable substitutes for human sacrifices in the effort to create a harmonious world.
Internalisasi Ajaran Siwa Sasana dalam Menjaga Integritas Pandita Hindu Ambarnuari, Mery; Anak Agung Ayu Alit Widyawati
Pangkaja: Jurnal Agama Hindu Vol 29 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25078/pjah.v29i1.6597

Abstract

Pelanggaran-pelanggaran sasana kepanditaan yang terjadi belakangan ini tentu sangat meresahkan umat Hindu. Hal-hal seperti ini selayaknya tidak terjadi apabila seseorang yang akan menjadi pandita sudah memiliki pengendalian diri yang baik serta sudah terbiasa menerapkan ajaran-ajaran sasana yang terdapat didalam pustaka-pustaka suci Hindu salah satunya adalah ajaran sasana yang terdapat dalam siwa sasana. Siwa sasana merupakan lontar sasana tertua yang mengatur tentang sasana kepanditaan. Selain menerapkan ajaran kepanditaan yang terdapat dalam lontar siwa sasana serta didukung oleh ajaran Hindu lainnya, seorang Pandita juga wajib melakukan pencegahan dari dalam diri beliau sendiri dan pencegahan dari eksternal atau luar diri beliau seperti dari nabe, Lembaga diksa, serta dari keluarganya yang merupakan walaka griya demi terjaganya nama baik dan martabat sang Pandita. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologis. Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan berupa artikel yang terbit pada jurnal, pustaka-pustaka suci serta analisis data dari artikel berita di media online. Hasil penelitian disajikan dengan cara analisis deskriptif.
ETIKA DAN KEWAJIBAN GURU DALAM LONTAR SIWA SASANA: DIMENSI SUSILA DAN TANTRA-SAKRAMENTAL Ambarnuari, Mery; Anak Agung Ayu Alit Widyawati
Pangkaja: Jurnal Agama Hindu Vol 29 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar

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Abstract

The lontar Siwa Sasana (also referred to as Siwa Sesana in parts of the secondary literature) is an Old Javanese-Balinese sasana text that regulates the conduct, obligations, and, crucially, the ritual legitimacy of Śaiva religious practitioners (sadhaka). Departing from prior studies that read Siwa Sasana solely as a treatise on pedagogical ethics, this article argues that the text is fundamentally concerned with the validity of the guru-acārya's sacramental authority within the tantric initiation (dīkṣā) system, such that readings anchored exclusively in the modern Hindu Susila framework (Tri Kaya Parisudha, Panca Yama Brata, Panca Niyama Brata, Asta Brata, Catur Paramita) risk losing the text's tantric-sacramental register. Using hermeneutic textual analysis and a philological-comparative approach to the official translated edition of Siwa Sasana (Tim Penerjemah Kantor Dokumentasi Budaya Bali (I G. A. Rai Arnita I W. Dunia I. B. K. Sindu I G. K. Dalem & I W. Sukayasa), 1996) alongside Old Javanese-Balinese Śaiva sources (Acri, 2006, 2011, 2018; Soebadio, 1971), the article shows that the guru's qualifications, prohibitions, obligations, and the disciple-selection system correspond partially, but not wholly or historically neutrally, with the Susila framework: some concepts (trikaya paramārtha, and terms corresponding to Catur Paramita) are explicitly textual, while the Panca Yama/Niyama Brata nomenclature familiar from modern Balinese Hindu education does not appear verbatim in the primary text and should therefore be flagged as an interpretive lens rather than an indigenous category. The article also corrects a miscount of the guru's qualifications in prior scholarship and foregrounds dīkṣā as sangaskara, a tantric purification involving ritual apparatus (bhasma, siwapakarana), rather than a merely administrative age requirement. Keywords: Siwa Sasana; Hindu Susila; Śaiva tantra; guru-śiṣya paramparā; dīkṣā; sangaskara
KOEKSISTENSI KEAGAMAAN HINDU DAN BUDDHA DI SITUS GOA GAJAH: ANALISIS KONSTRUKSI SOSIAL BERGER DAN LUCKMANN DALAM PENGUATAN MODERASI BERAGAMA Heri Purwanto; Mery Ambarnuari; Anak Agung Ayu Alit Widyawati; Desak Nyoman Sri Suyasning Putri; I Wayan Joni Artha
Pangkaja: Jurnal Agama Hindu Vol 29 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar

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Abstract

This study examines religious coexistence between Hinduism and Buddhism at Goa Gajah Temple, Bali, through the perspective of Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann’s theory of social construction and its relevance to strengthening religious moderation. The study employs a qualitative-interpretive approach, with data collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and literature review. Data were analyzed by interpreting archaeological remains, religious symbols, historical contexts, and information from relevant informants. The findings indicate that the coexistence of Śaiva and Buddhist traditions at Goa Gajah can be understood through the processes of externalization, objectivation, and internalization. Archaeological evidence, including lingga, Ganesha, bathing structures, stupas, Dhyani Buddha statues, and Hariti, demonstrates the presence of both traditions within a shared sacred landscape. This coexistence reflects values of tolerance, non-violence, acceptance of local traditions, and shared social life, which remain relevant to contemporary religious moderation. Keywords: Goa Gajah; religious coexistence; Śaiva-Buddhist; social construction; religious moderation.
Co-Authors Ambarnuari, Mery Desak Nyoman Sri Suyasning Putri Harsananda, Hari Heri Purwanto I Wayan Joni Artha Mery Ambarnuari