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All Journal JAMETECH Logic : Jurnal Rancang Bangun Dan Teknologi
I Wayan Padma Yogi Asana
Politeknik Negeri Bali
Automotive Engineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Control & Systems Engineering Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering

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The Effect of Reinforcement Surface Treatment With Citric Acid on The Flexural and Hardness Properties of Epoxy/Wood Sawdust Composites I Wayan Padma Yogi Asana; Risa Nurin Baiti; Komang Widhi Widantha
Logic : Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi Vol. 25 No. 2 (2025): July
Publisher : Unit Publikasi Ilmiah, P3M, Politeknik Negeri Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31940/logic.v25i2.100-106

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of citric acid surface treatment on wood sawdust used as reinforcement in epoxy-based composites, with a focus on improving bending strength. Wood sawdust was subjected to surface modification using citric acid and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) under equivalent molar concentrations. Bending strength tests showed that both citric acid and NaOH treatments significantly improved mechanical performance compared to untreated samples, with average strengths of 33.83 MPa and 32.82 MPa, respectively, versus 21.83 MPa for the untreated group. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the two treatments. After confirming normal distribution but unequal variances, a Welch two-sample t-test was performed, yielding a p-value of 0.742. This result indicates no statistically significant difference in bending strength between citric acid and NaOH treatments.
Studi Komparatif Komposit Berpenguat Serat Agel yang Diberi Perlakuan Kimia Menggunakan Pembebanan Lentur Asana, I Wayan Padma Yogi; Widantha, Komang Widhi; Baiti, Risa Nurin
Journal of Applied Mechanical Engineering and Green Technology Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Unit Publikasi Ilmiah, P3M, Politeknik Negeri Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31940/jametech.v4i1.40-45

Abstract

Natural fiber composites are increasingly explored as sustainable alternatives to synthetic fiber composites because of their renewable character, lower environmental impact, and potential for biodegradable applications. However, the hydrophilic nature of natural fibers often causes poor adhesion with polymer matrices and reduces mechanical performance. This study investigated the effect of NaOH and citric acid surface treatments on Agel fiber-reinforced composites fabricated by the hand layup method, with flexural bending strength as the main response. Three composite groups were prepared, untreated Agel fiber, NaOH-treated Agel fiber, and citric acid-treated Agel fiber. The specimens were cut and tested in bending, and the results were analyzed using normality testing, equal variance testing, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey pairwise comparison.The average flexural bending strengths of the untreated, citric acid-treated, and NaOH-treated composites were 36.922 MPa, 37.784 MPa, and 40.611 MPa, respectively. The statistical assumptions for parametric analysis were satisfied, with the data in each group showing normal distribution and equal variance confirmed. One-way ANOVA indicated a significant difference among the three groups (F = 7.24, p = 0.005). Tukey pairwise comparison showed that the NaOH-treated composite was significantly different from both the untreated composite (p = 0.005) and the citric acid-treated composite (p = 0.031), while the difference between untreated and citric acid-treated composites was not significant (p = 0.678).These results indicate that NaOH treatment is more effective than citric acid treatment in improving the flexural performance of Agel fiber composites under the conditions used in this study. The improvement is attributed to better fiber to matrix interfacial bonding caused by surface modification of the fiber. This study supports the potential of Agel fiber as a sustainable reinforcement material for composite applications.
Co-Authors Komang Widhi Widantha Risa Nurin Baiti