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Widyarahma, Amanda
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Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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The Application of Social Cognitive Theory on Tertiary Preventive Behavior in Elderly with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multilevel Analysis Widyarahma, Amanda; Tamtomo, Didik Gunawan; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpb.2025.10.01.08

Abstract

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease whose prevalence increases, especially in old age. About a quarter of people over the age of 65 suffer from diabetes. DM can cause serious compli­cations up to death. The importance of tertiary preventive behavior to prevent compli­cations. This study aimed to analyze the influence of the Social Cognitive Theory construct and the contextual influence of posyandu on the tertiary preventive behavior of elderly people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at 25 integrated health posts (posyandu) in Magetan, East Java, Indonesia, from April to May 2024. 200 elderly with type 2 DM were selected by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was tertiary preventive behavior. The independent variables were self-regulation, knowledge, expectations, self-efficacy, reinforcement, and observational learning. Data collection was carried out by interviews and questionnaires. The data were analyzed using a multiple multilevel linear regression. Results: Tertiary preventive behavior was higher in self-regulation (b= 0.24; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.46; p= 0.038), know­ledge (b= 0.70; 95% CI= 0.23 to 1.17; p= 0.003), expectations (b= 0.53; 95% CI= 0.35 to 0.71; p <0.001), self-efficacy (b= 0.39; 95% CI= 0.11 to 0.67; p= 0.006), reinforcement (b= 1.26; 95% CI= 0.90 to 1.62; p<0.001), and observational learning (b= 0.30; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.59; p= 0.036). There were no significant relationships of age and gender on tertiary preventive behavior. There was a contextual effect of elderly posyandu on tertiary preventive behavior (ICC= 6.39%). Conclusion: Tertiary preventive behavior is higher in self-regulation, know­ledge, expectations, self-efficacy, reinforcement, and observational learning. There are no significant relationships of age and gender on tertiary preventive behavior. There is a contextual effect of elderly posyandu on tertiary preventive behavior.
Meta-Analysis: The Effect of Social Capital on Depression in Elderly Widyarahma, Amanda; Mufidah, Naili Zahroton; Afandi, Agil Rafi’ah; Murti, Bhisma; Ismail, Aem
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpb.2025.10.01.10

Abstract

Background: According to WHO (2022), 14% of adults >60 years live with depression which accounts for 10.6% of total disability in the elderly. Depression is associated with an increased risk of premature death, with a potential reduction in life expectancy of around 10 years. Studies report that strengthening social capital can be an effective strategy in preventing and managing depression in the elderly. This study aims to analyze the influence of social capital on depression in the elderly. Subjects and Method: This research is a meta-analysis of the PICO model. Population: elderly. Intervention: high social participation, high social cohesion, high reciprocity, high social trust and high social network. Comparison: low social participation, low social cohesion, low reciprocity, low social trust and low social network. Outcome: depression. The data used involves Google Scholar, PubMed, BMC, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, and Springer Link. Inclusion criteria were full-text articles with a cross-sectional study design using multivariate analysis that included OR values and were published from 2014-2023. Data analysis using the Review Manager 5.3 application. Results: The meta-analysis included 17 cross-sectional studies from Korea, Spain, Japan, Taiwan, the Netherlands, China, and Myanmar. The results showed that the incidence of depression decreased with high social participation (aOR= 0.78; 95% CI= 0.61–1.00; p= 0.050), high social cohesion (aOR= 0.84; 95% CI= 0.72 – 0.99; p= 0.030), high reciprocity (aOR= 0.75; 95% CI= 0.63 – 0.90; p= 0.020), and high social trust (aOR= 0.52; 95% CI= 0.41 – 0.66; p<0.001). Social networks reduce the risk of depression but were not statistically significant a(OR= 0.71; CI 95%= 0.31 – 1.59; p= 0.400). Conclusion: Social participation, social cohesion, reciprocity, and social trust have an effect on reducing the risk of depression in the elderly.
The Application of Social Cognitive Theory on Tertiary Preventive Behavior in Elderly with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multilevel Analysis Widyarahma, Amanda; Tamtomo, Didik Gunawan; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpb.2025.10.01.08

Abstract

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease whose prevalence increases, especially in old age. About a quarter of people over the age of 65 suffer from diabetes. DM can cause serious compli­cations up to death. The importance of tertiary preventive behavior to prevent compli­cations. This study aimed to analyze the influence of the Social Cognitive Theory construct and the contextual influence of posyandu on the tertiary preventive behavior of elderly people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at 25 integrated health posts (posyandu) in Magetan, East Java, Indonesia, from April to May 2024. 200 elderly with type 2 DM were selected by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was tertiary preventive behavior. The independent variables were self-regulation, knowledge, expectations, self-efficacy, reinforcement, and observational learning. Data collection was carried out by interviews and questionnaires. The data were analyzed using a multiple multilevel linear regression. Results: Tertiary preventive behavior was higher in self-regulation (b= 0.24; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.46; p= 0.038), know­ledge (b= 0.70; 95% CI= 0.23 to 1.17; p= 0.003), expectations (b= 0.53; 95% CI= 0.35 to 0.71; p <0.001), self-efficacy (b= 0.39; 95% CI= 0.11 to 0.67; p= 0.006), reinforcement (b= 1.26; 95% CI= 0.90 to 1.62; p<0.001), and observational learning (b= 0.30; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.59; p= 0.036). There were no significant relationships of age and gender on tertiary preventive behavior. There was a contextual effect of elderly posyandu on tertiary preventive behavior (ICC= 6.39%). Conclusion: Tertiary preventive behavior is higher in self-regulation, know­ledge, expectations, self-efficacy, reinforcement, and observational learning. There are no significant relationships of age and gender on tertiary preventive behavior. There is a contextual effect of elderly posyandu on tertiary preventive behavior.
Meta-Analysis: The Effect of Social Capital on Depression in Elderly Widyarahma, Amanda; Mufidah, Naili Zahroton; Afandi, Agil Rafi’ah; Murti, Bhisma; Ismail, Aem
Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/thejhpb.2025.10.01.10

Abstract

Background: According to WHO (2022), 14% of adults >60 years live with depression which accounts for 10.6% of total disability in the elderly. Depression is associated with an increased risk of premature death, with a potential reduction in life expectancy of around 10 years. Studies report that strengthening social capital can be an effective strategy in preventing and managing depression in the elderly. This study aims to analyze the influence of social capital on depression in the elderly. Subjects and Method: This research is a meta-analysis of the PICO model. Population: elderly. Intervention: high social participation, high social cohesion, high reciprocity, high social trust and high social network. Comparison: low social participation, low social cohesion, low reciprocity, low social trust and low social network. Outcome: depression. The data used involves Google Scholar, PubMed, BMC, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, and Springer Link. Inclusion criteria were full-text articles with a cross-sectional study design using multivariate analysis that included OR values and were published from 2014-2023. Data analysis using the Review Manager 5.3 application. Results: The meta-analysis included 17 cross-sectional studies from Korea, Spain, Japan, Taiwan, the Netherlands, China, and Myanmar. The results showed that the incidence of depression decreased with high social participation (aOR= 0.78; 95% CI= 0.61–1.00; p= 0.050), high social cohesion (aOR= 0.84; 95% CI= 0.72 – 0.99; p= 0.030), high reciprocity (aOR= 0.75; 95% CI= 0.63 – 0.90; p= 0.020), and high social trust (aOR= 0.52; 95% CI= 0.41 – 0.66; p<0.001). Social networks reduce the risk of depression but were not statistically significant a(OR= 0.71; CI 95%= 0.31 – 1.59; p= 0.400). Conclusion: Social participation, social cohesion, reciprocity, and social trust have an effect on reducing the risk of depression in the elderly.
Co-Authors Afandi, Agil Rafi’ah Bhisma Murti Didik Gunawan Tamtomo Ismail, Aem Mufidah, Naili Zahroton