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All Journal International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Pancasakti Journal Of Public Health Science And Research
Yaacob, Nor Azwany
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Environmental Science Health Professions Nursing Public Health Other

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Incidence rate and spatial clustering of measles cases in Malaysia, 2018–2022 Mat Daud, Mohd Rujhan Hadfi; Yaacob, Nor Azwany; Arifin, Wan Nor; Md Sani, Jamiatul Aida; Wan Ibadullah, Wan Abdul Hannan
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 14, No 3: September 2025
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25223

Abstract

The distribution of measles varies worldwide. Malaysia has seen fluctuating incidence rates of measles across its districts, highlighting the persistent challenge of measles control despite national vaccination efforts. This study aimed to map the incidence rates of measles and identify hotspots areas of measles in Malaysia between 2018 and 2022. The study utilized secondary data from the Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, and was analyzed through spatial autocorrelation techniques. Choropleth map applied to the incidence rate of measles and Global Moran’s I statistics quantified spatial autocorrelation, supplemented by local indicators of spatial association (LISA) for localized analysis. The measles incidence rate exceeded 500 per million population in Bintulu, Marudi, and Miri, Sarawak in 2018 and in Gua Musang, Kelantan in 2019. There is a downward trend in the incidence rate across the districts in Malaysia. The Global Moran’s I statistic revealed significant positive spatial autocorrelation of measles cases in Malaysia from 2018 to 2022. Districts, specifically in Klang Valley, have been identified as persistent hotspot areas. There is a need for continuous surveillance, adequate vaccination coverage, and supplementary public health measures, especially in identified hotspot areas, in order to achieve measles elimination goals in Malaysia.
Effect of Public Broadcast on Public Knowledge of Preconception Folic Acid Towards Birth Defect Prevention in Malaysia Geok, Tan Beng; Keng, Soon Lean; Yaacob, Nor Azwany; Rosternberghe, Hans Van
Pancasakti Journal Of Public Health Science And Research Vol 5 No 3 (2025): PJPHSR
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Pancasakti, Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47650/pjphsr.v5i3.2007

Abstract

Health promotion is essential for influencing behaviour change to prevent birth defects and achieve the Sustainable Development Goal of reducing neonatal and under-five mortality by 2030. Public broadcasting has the potential to deliver health messages widely, particularly in underserved communities, but evidence from interrupted time series (ITS) studies remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the impact of public broadcast interventions on knowledge of preconception folic acid intake for birth defect prevention in Malaysian using an interrupted time series (ITS) design. This study used an ITS design. Data were collected fortnightly at six time points over 12 weeks from 2,832 adults aged 18–64 years, recruited via convenience sampling. Participants were equally divided between an intervention group in Kelantan (n = 1,416), where targeted radio and television messages were broadcast, and a control group in Terengganu (n = 1,416), which received no intervention. Knowledge was measured using a standardised questionnaire. Segmented regression analysis showed a descriptive increase in mean knowledge scores post-intervention in the intervention group. However, no statistically significant changes were observed in trend (slope change = 0.0006) or level (intercept change (<–0.01) between pre- and post-intervention phases. While statistical significance was not achieved, the findings indicate that public broadcasting is a promising medium for large-scale health promotion, capable of reaching broad audiences and addressing knowledge gaps. These results provide baseline evidence for designing future national-level broadcast interventions, which may require longer exposure periods or intensified messaging to achieve significant and sustained improvements in public health knowledge.
Co-Authors Arifin, Wan Nor Geok, Tan Beng Keng, Soon Lean Mat Daud, Mohd Rujhan Hadfi Md Sani, Jamiatul Aida Rosternberghe, Hans Van Wan Ibadullah, Wan Abdul Hannan