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All Journal International Journal Multidisciplinary Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology (JMGCB)
Tuamah, Mustafa Raheem
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Education Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Physics

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Journal : International Journal Multidisciplinary

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THYROID AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE AND EFFECT ON DEVELOPMENT TO THYROID CANCER Tuamah, Mustafa Raheem
International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI) Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI)
Publisher : Antis-Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijmi.v2i4.368

Abstract

Objective: This study investigates the association between autoimmune thyroid diseases—specifically Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD)—and the development of thyroid cancer, with a primary focus on papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Method: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to analyze epidemiological trends, immunopathological mechanisms, and tumor microenvironment factors linking autoimmunity to thyroid carcinogenesis. Results: The findings indicate a significant correlation between autoimmune thyroid disorders and increased incidence of PTC, suggesting that chronic inflammation may contribute to oncogenic genetic alterations in thyroid epithelial cells. Interestingly, HT appears to paradoxically confer favorable clinical outcomes, including reduced tumor aggressiveness, enhanced responsiveness to radioiodine therapy, and improved survival, likely due to heightened immune surveillance. Additionally, the presence of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) was associated with increased lymph node metastasis, highlighting their role in shaping a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. Novelty: This study provides integrative insights into the dual role of autoimmunity in both promoting and modulating thyroid cancer progression, and underscores the importance of the tumor microenvironment—particularly CAFs—in influencing metastatic behavior in PTC.
ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF ALLIUM SATIVUM AGAINST MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT BACTERIAL PATHOGENS AND ITS SYNERGISTIC INTERACTION WITH CONVENTIONAL ANTIBIOTICS Tuamah, Mustafa Raheem
International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI) Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): International Journal Multidisciplinary (IJMI)
Publisher : Antis-Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijmi.v2i4.371

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to investigate the potential of Allium sativum (garlic) as an alternative antibacterial agent in the context of rising antibiotic resistance. Method: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on in vitro and in vivo studies that evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Allium sativum against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. Sources included peer-reviewed journals in microbiology, pharmacology, and ethnomedicine. Results: The analysis reveals that Allium sativum exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, particularly effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative MDR bacteria. Its bioactive compounds, such as allicin, disrupt bacterial cell walls, inhibit enzyme activity, and prevent biofilm formation. The low incidence of side effects and the affordability of garlic make it a viable candidate for complementary or integrative antimicrobial therapies. Novelty: This study highlights the relevance of traditional medicinal plants in modern antimicrobial drug discovery, emphasizing Allium sativum as a sustainable, natural, and accessible alternative in combating antibiotic-resistant infections, with implications for public health and pharmaceutical innovation.
Co-Authors Jasim, Zahra Mohammed