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All Journal Journal of Health and Nutrition Research Journal of Public Health Indonesian
Nofrika, Bri
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Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Anxiety, Self-Esteem, Bullying, and Peer Problems as Correlates of Self-Harm Behavior Among Adolescents in Kampar Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia Alini, Alini; Said, Faridah Mohd; Aprilla, Nia; Nofrika, Bri
Journal of Health and Nutrition Research Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Media Publikasi Cendekia Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56303/jhnresearch.v4i2.480

Abstract

Adolescents are a vulnerable population experiencing significant psychological and social changes, often leading to emotional difficulties and maladaptive behaviors such as self-harm. This study aims to analyze the associations and predictive factors of bullying, self-esteem, anxiety, and peer relationship problems with self-harm behavior among high school students in Kampar Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 678 adolescents aged 15–18 years who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using validated structured questionnaires, including the Olweus Bullying Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and Peer Relationship Scale. Univariate analysis showed that 40% of respondents had experienced bullying, 30% had low self-esteem, 25% reported moderate to severe anxiety, and 35% had peer relationship problems. The prevalence of self-harm behavior was 18%. Bivariate analysis using the chi-square test revealed significant associations between all independent variables and self-harm behavior (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression identified moderate to severe anxiety as the strongest predictor of self-harm (OR 3.7; 95% CI: 2.3–5.8), followed by low self-esteem (OR 3.1; 95% CI: 2.0–4.9), bullying experience (OR 2.8; 95% CI: 1.9–4.2), and peer relationship problems (OR 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2–2.9). These findings establish a clear evidence base for developing comprehensive, school-based psychosocial interventions aimed at mitigating these specific risk factors to reduce the prevalence of self-harm among adolescents in Kampar Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia.
Integrative Systematic Literature Review: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches in Interventions to Reduce Self-Harm Behaviour in Adolescents Alini, Alini; Said, Faridah Mohd; Aprilla, Nia; Nofrika, Bri
Journal of Public Health Indonesian Vol. 2 No. 6 (2026): MARCH-JHH
Publisher : PT. Anagata Sembagi Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62872/v5e3gs90

Abstract

Self-harm behaviour in adolescents is a crucial mental health issue that increases the risk of suicide and requires effective intervention. Psychological approaches such as the Transtheoretical Model (TTM), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT), and digital technology have been used to reduce this behaviour, but a deep understanding of the adolescent experience is also necessary. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of interventions to reduce self-harming behaviour in adolescents by integrating quantitative research results and qualitative insights related to motivation, social factors, and the process of stopping the behaviour. A literature search using the PICO strategy was conducted in the Scopus, PubMed, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect databases. Article selection followed the PRISMA method with inclusion criteria of 2015–2024, full text, open access, and English language. Quantitative studies included RCT and longitudinal studies, while qualitative studies used in-depth interviews and thematic analysis. Data synthesis from both approaches was conducted narratively and through thematic meta-synthesis. From 116 articles assessed for eligibility, a total of 8 studies met the inclusion criteria, consisting of 5 quantitative and 3 qualitative studies. Quantitative findings indicate that psychological interventions significantly reduce the frequency of self-harm behaviour. Qualitative findings highlight key factors such as difficulties in emotional regulation, social pressure, barriers to help-seeking, and the importance of family support. The tension between adolescent autonomy and the need for social support emerged as a central theme.. A multifaceted approach that integrates evidence-based therapy with an understanding of the psychosocial context effectively reduces self-harming behaviour in adolescents. Recommendations point towards culturally sensitive family- and school-based interventions and further research using mixed methods.
Co-Authors Alini, Alini Aprilla, Nia Said, Faridah Mohd