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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Indonesian Physical Review
Dewi, Fitria Yunita
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Computer Science & IT Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Physics

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Low-cost portable potentiostat for real-time insulin concentration estimation based on electrochemical sensors Dewi, Fitria Yunita; Aliwarga, Harry Kusuma; Handoko, Djati
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 15, No 4: August 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v15i4.pp3683-3695

Abstract

Administering incorrect insulin dosages to diabetic patients can be fatal, leading to severe health consequences. Insulin detection, in conjunction with blood glucose monitoring, can significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy. Electrochemical methods for insulin detection offer a low-cost and portable solution. This study presents an insulin concentration estimation system using a customized electrochemical potentiostat operating in real-time via Bluetooth low energy (BLE). Conventional electrochemical sensing, which relies on calibration curves to determine concentration, poses accuracy limitations in portable devices. To address this, we implement a multiple- predictor approach that incorporates peak currents from multiple cycles of cyclic voltammetry responses and the electroactive surface area of a multi- walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT-COOH) modified screen-printed sensor. This modified sensor enhances sensitivity compared to bare screen-printed carbon sensors, making it suitable for low-volume and portable applications. Through cross-validation, our method demonstrated strong performance, achieving a determination coefficient (R²) greater than 0.90 for all training dataset combinations and greater than 0.85 for all testing dataset combinations. Hypothesis testing further confirmed the statistical significance of the electroactive surface area (p=0.006) as predictor, indicating its meaningful contribution to concentration estimation. This approach improves portable detection performance, supporting the development of affordable and reliable personal insulin monitoring systems.
NON-INVASIVE DETERMINATION OF LIQUID DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS USING LASER BEAM DEFLECTION AND REFRACTIVE INDEX GRADIENTS: A STUDY ON NaCl Handoko, Djati; Hifzhi, Affan; Sudarmaji, Arief; Dewi, Fitria Yunita
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v8i3.500

Abstract

This research describes and verifies the creation of a straightforward system for determining liquid diffusion coefficients using the Laser Beam Deflection (LBD) technique for measuring diffusion rates in sodium chloride solutions. The system exploits refractive index gradients that develop during diffusion to produce a detectable laser beam deviation, which is subsequently analyzed to calculate diffusion coefficients. Our experimental setup, which builds on Wiener's original design with several improvements, consists of a laser source with a cylindrical lens, a diffusion cell, and a screen for capturing projected images. We conducted an in-depth analysis of time-dependent measurements (5, 20, and 45 minutes), concentration variations (20/100, 25/100, and 30/100 NaCl/aquades ratios), and geometric configurations (30°, 45°, and 60° tilt angles) and found that the initial diffusion coefficients exhibit time-dependent behavior before stabilizing at approximately.  Within the examined range, concentration had a negligible impact on diffusion coefficients, but the geometric orientation had a substantial effect on measurement accuracy, resulting in a measurement error of approximately 3.00% when the configuration was set at 45°. Linear correlations between the natural logarithm of the ratio of the concentration difference to time, and the inverse square of the height, were found to be consistent with Fick's second law of diffusion under all tested conditions. This non-invasive approach offers a dependable substitute for conventional methods of diffusion measurement, which may be utilised in fields such as solution chemistry, food science, and pharmaceutical formulations.
Co-Authors Aliwarga, Harry Kusuma Arief Sudarmaji, Arief Handoko, Djati Hifzhi, Affan