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PENGARUH BESAR CU CHI TUNNELS DALAM KEMENANGAN PERANG GERILYA BANGSA VIETNAM Hartono, Achdwiyanto Yudi; Binatara, Aji Jaya; Anwar, Syaiful
Majalah Ilmiah METHODA Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023): Majalah Ilmiah METHODA
Publisher : Universitas Methodist Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46880/methoda.Vol13No1.pp32-42

Abstract

The Vietnamese guerrilla war lasted from 1953-1954 culminating in victory at Dien Bien Phu, the end of nearly a century of French colonial rule over Indochina. The Vietnamese people led by Ho Chi Minh launched massive attacks on French outposts using a combination of conventional and guerrilla warfare tactics. Equally important in supporting the Vietnamese army's guerrilla warfare victory were the Cu Chi Tunnels, which served as a base of operations against French forces. The methodology in writing this journal by analysing the making of Cu Chi Tunnels which includes structure, development pattern, room composition using descriptive analysis method supported by literature study, literature, national and international scientific journals. The results and discussion in this research are Cu Chi Tunnels played an important role in the military strategy of the Vietnamese army, as a means of communication and logistics transport, as well as a storage place for weapons and ammunition. The structure of the tunnel has the natural advantage of being near the Saigon River which allows for air penetration, in the form of lateritic clay (iron soil). Meanwhile, the pattern of tunnel construction as a secret passage for fighting and escaping was made zigzagging, not straight "like a snake". For the composition of the tunnel room, three levels were built separately but interconnected, designed to serve various functions as living quarters, weapons and ammunition storage facilities, hospitals, as well as communication and command centres
PENGARUH BESAR CU CHI TUNNELS DALAM KEMENANGAN PERANG GERILYA BANGSA VIETNAM Hartono, Achdwiyanto Yudi; Binatara, Aji Jaya; Anwar, Syaiful
Majalah Ilmiah METHODA Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023): Majalah Ilmiah METHODA
Publisher : Universitas Methodist Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

The Vietnamese guerrilla war lasted from 1953-1954 culminating in victory at Dien Bien Phu, the end of nearly a century of French colonial rule over Indochina. The Vietnamese people led by Ho Chi Minh launched massive attacks on French outposts using a combination of conventional and guerrilla warfare tactics. Equally important in supporting the Vietnamese army's guerrilla warfare victory were the Cu Chi Tunnels, which served as a base of operations against French forces. The methodology in writing this journal by analysing the making of Cu Chi Tunnels which includes structure, development pattern, room composition using descriptive analysis method supported by literature study, literature, national and international scientific journals. The results and discussion in this research are Cu Chi Tunnels played an important role in the military strategy of the Vietnamese army, as a means of communication and logistics transport, as well as a storage place for weapons and ammunition. The structure of the tunnel has the natural advantage of being near the Saigon River which allows for air penetration, in the form of lateritic clay (iron soil). Meanwhile, the pattern of tunnel construction as a secret passage for fighting and escaping was made zigzagging, not straight "like a snake". For the composition of the tunnel room, three levels were built separately but interconnected, designed to serve various functions as living quarters, weapons and ammunition storage facilities, hospitals, as well as communication and command centres
An International Law and National Resilience Perspective for Internationalizing Religious Moderation as Indonesia’s Soft Diplomacy Legal Instrument in ASEAN Hartono, Achdwiyanto Yudi; Hamdi, Ahmad Zainul
Khazanah Hukum Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Khazanah Hukum
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/kh.v8i1.51695

Abstract

Indonesia, as the largest country in Southeast Asia, plays a strategic role in shaping regional stability and political dynamics within ASEAN. At the same time, regional developments, particularly the rise of religious radicalism and transnational terrorism, have significant implications for Indonesia’s national resilience. In this context, this article examines how Indonesia can strengthen its regional leadership through the internationalization of religious moderation as a legal and diplomatic instrument within ASEAN. The study analyzes the legal foundations of religious moderation policy in Indonesia, including constitutional principles, statutory regulations, and Presidential Regulation No. 58 of 2023, which institutionalizes the promotion of religious moderation as part of national policy. Using a normative qualitative legal approach, this article explores the intersection of law, religion, and diplomacy in promoting regional stability. The findings show that the internationalization of religious moderation can function as a form of soft diplomacy and normative leadership, enabling Indonesia to translate domestic legal norms into regional normative practices. This approach is consistent with ASEAN’s principles of consensus and non-interference, while also contributing to broader efforts to counter violent extremism and strengthen human security in the region. Furthermore, the study argues that religious moderation can be positioned as part of Indonesia’s non-military defense strategy, supporting the development of regional legal norms that promote peaceful coexistence and social resilience. Ultimately, the research highlights Indonesia’s opportunity to institutionalize religious moderation within ASEAN’s legal and diplomatic framework as part of its constitutional mandate to contribute to international peace and stability.