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Entrepreneurial Leadership and Business Performance of MSMEs: The Mediating Role of Government Support Bangguiyac, Gretchen Dawaton; Castañeda, Marc Oliver
International Journal of Applied Business and International Management Vol 10, No 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : AIBPM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32535/ijabim.v10i2.4079

Abstract

Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in promoting economic growth, especially in rural areas with limited access to employment and livelihood opportunities. This study examined the relationship between entrepreneurial leadership and the business performance of MSMEs in Kalinga, Philippines, with government support as a mediating variable. Using an explanatory correlational design, data were collected from 336 MSME owners through a validated questionnaire. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze the relationships among the variables. Findings reveal that among entrepreneurial leadership dimensions, absorbing uncertainty (? = 0.254, p = 0.004) and creative collective self-efficacy (? = 0.220, p = 0.001) significantly and positively impact MSME business performance, while defining gravity shows a significant negative effect (? = -0.102, p = 0.015). Other entrepreneurial leadership dimensions show no significant effect. Government support positively influences performance (? = 0.063, p = 0.0058) but only partially mediates the effect of creative collective self-efficacy (? = 0.017, p = 0.019), contributing 7% mediation. These findings underscore the need for aligning government support to enhancing entrepreneurial leadership strengths to improve the business performance of MSMEs.
Curriculum Evaluation of Entrepreneurship Education: Employers’ Feedback on Business Graduates’ Job Performance Bangguiyac, Gretchen Dawaton; Pannogan, Daniel; Belinan, Sonia; Duyan, Karen Razelle
Indonesian Journal of Education Research (IJoER) Vol. 6 No. 6 (2025): December
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/ijoer.v6i6.2255

Abstract

Purpose of the study: This study aimed to evaluate employers’ feedback on the job performance of Bachelor of Science in Entrepreneurship graduates of Kalinga State University (KSU) to identify strengths and areas for improvement across four competency domains: personal, interpersonal, intellectual, and technical. The findings serve as a basis for curriculum enhancement, instructional innovation, and career development initiatives, thereby reinforcing educational accountability and employability outcomes within the ASEAN context. Methodology: The study employed a mixed-method research design integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches. A descriptive survey using a structured questionnaire distributed via Google Forms and in-person administration was utilized. Data was encoded in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, weighted mean, and ranking, complemented by thematic analysis of employers’ qualitative feedback. Main Findings: Quantitative results indicated that graduates performed very satisfactorily in all four domains: personal abilities (M = 4.32), interpersonal abilities (M = 4.15), intellectual abilities (M = 4.19), and generic and specific knowledge and skills (M = 3.92). Employers commended graduates’ persistence, teamwork, and creativity but emphasized the need to improve communication, leadership, and digital literacy. The qualitative results revealed four major themes: practical and experiential learning, communication and interpersonal development, technological and digital skills enhancement, and leadership and professional competence. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study provides empirical evidence linking employer feedback with curriculum evaluation through the CIPP (Context–Input–Process–Product) Model, a framework rarely applied in Philippine entrepreneurship education research. It advances discourse on educational assessment and accountability by positioning employer perspectives as outcome-based indicators of curricular effectiveness. Moreover, it contributes to the ASEAN goal of promoting quality-assured, outcome-based, and employability-driven higher education that prepares graduates to be innovative, globally competent, and industry-responsive.