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Ramesh, Chinnasamy
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Environmental Science

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From genes to ecosystems: A multidisciplinary approach to understanding and conservation challenges for the short-tailed sea snake Hydrophis curtus (Shaw, 1802) in India Hatkar, Prachi; Gupta, Satyam; Ramesh, Chinnasamy
Journal of Marine Studies Volume 2, Issue 3 (November, 2025)
Publisher : Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/joms.v2i3.21664

Abstract

The reduction of marine reptile populations has emerged as a worldwide issue, prompting comprehensive investigations into the effects of altering environmental conditions. Examining sea snakes has consistently posed difficulties owing to the complexities of collecting, maintaining, and researching them in natural and controlled environments. The Hydrophiinae family of venomous marine snakes encompasses the Spine-bellied or Short-tailed sea snake, Hydrophis curtus, which is distributed from the Persian Gulf to eastern Australia. This study examines the conservation problems of H. curtus, incorporating genetic, ecological, and environmental methodologies to evaluate its population status and risks thoroughly. We thoroughly analysed 123 scientific publications published between 1802 and 2024, examining many facets of sea snake biology and the risks they encounter. This review consolidates and synthesizes prior research on H. curtus, emphasizing its interactions with humans in coastal India and adjacent areas. The review encompassed several subjects, including species distribution, habitat utilization, feeding ecology, reproductive behaviour, venom characteristics, and conservation challenges. Through field surveys, genomic methodologies, and habitat modelling, we ascertain critical conservation priorities and recommend management methods. Our results demonstrate considerable genetic diversity, substantial habitat concerns, and mortality imposed by fishing. The research emphasizes the necessity for focused conservation measures, encompassing habitat preservation, policy integration, and sustainable fisheries management.
Understanding the ecology and conservation of Jerdon’s sea snake (Hydrophis jerdonii Gray, 1849) Hatkar, Prachi; Khatua, Rohit; Ramesh, Chinnasamy
Journal of Marine Studies Volume 3, Issue 2 (July, 2026)
Publisher : Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/joms.v3i2.26522

Abstract

Hydrophis jerdonii (Jerdon’s sea snake) is a venomous and viviparous marine reptile widely distributed across the Indo-Pacific, including Indian waters. Despite its ecological importance, focused research on this species in India remains scarce. This review consolidates historical and contemporary literature (1849–2025) to assess the distribution, morphology, phylogeny, habitat, and conservation status of this species. A total of 75 publications were reviewed from databases such as Google Scholar, The Reptile Database, and the Biodiversity Heritage Library. Studies were categorised and analysed to quantify research emphasis across key ecological and biological parameters. Most studies (26%) addressed distribution, while only 3% focused on habitat ecology. The last confirmed live record of H. jerdonii in India dates to 2008 from the Mangalore coast, Karnataka, with subsequent findings limited to preserved specimens. Although listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, H. jerdonii faces increasing threats from bycatch and habitat degradation. The absence of recent field records underscores the urgent need for systematic surveys, ecological research, and molecular studies to reassess its current population status in Indian waters.
Co-Authors Hatkar, Prachi Khatua, Rohit Satyam Gupta