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All Journal Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Khatulistiwa JURNAL PENDIDIKAN OLAHRAGA
Al-Krizi, Maitham Mutair Hamidi
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Constructing a causal attribution scale for physical education teachers for physical education lessons in maysan governorate Al-Krizi, Maitham Mutair Hamidi
JURNAL PENDIDIKAN OLAHRAGA Vol 15 No 4 (2025): JURNAL PENDIDIKAN OLAHRAGA
Publisher : STKIP Taman Siswa Bima

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37630/jpo.v15i4.3338

Abstract

Background. Relationship between attribution and some of the explanations that the individual provides for his success and failure. He attributes this success and failure to the presence of four basic factors such as ability, effort, difficulty of the task, and luck. Objectives. The research aims to build a causal attribution scale for physical education teachers in Maysan Governorate. Methods. The researcher used the descriptive approach with a sample method. The study was applied to a sample of (134) educational staff, including male and female physical education teachers in Maysan Governorate. The sample of the exploratory study amounted to (29) participants, and the main study amounted to (205) participants. They were selected randomly. The causal attribution scale was built (prepared by the researcher) and appropriate statistical treatments were used. (5) sources were identified, namely confronting anxiety - emotional arousal - self-confidence - mental imagery - emotional balance, which represent the main axes of the causal attribution scale for physical education teachers in Maysan Governorate. Results. Existence of a strong consistency relationship between the questions posed and dimension to which phrase relates to scale of causal attribution axes, where highest consistency was recorded in the third axis (self-confidence), question No. (13), the least consistency between the questions posed and dimension to which phrase relates is in the second axis (emotional arousal), question number (17), which reached (167). Conclusion. The study concluded that these axes can be adopted to identify the arithmetic averages and standard deviation of physical education teachers and instructors. It concluded that there are standard scores for the causal attribution axes scale and recommended the necessity of using these axes as an indicator to identify the causal attribution of physical education teachers and instructors in Maysan Governorate.
Constructing And Designing A Reluctance And Initiative Scale And Its Relationship To Physical Education Female Teachers Participating In Sports Competitions In Maysan Governorate Al-Krizi, Maitham Mutair Hamidi
Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Khatulistiwa Vol 6, No 1: Mei 2025 Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Khatulistiwa
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/jpjk.v6i1.98345

Abstract

Reluctance and initiative are important psychological dimensions that influence teachers"™ participation in professional and sports-related activities. However, research on these constructs among physical education teachers remains limited. This study aimed to construct and design a scale of reluctance and initiative, as well as to examine the relationship between these two dimensions among female physical education teachers participating in sports competitions in Maysan Governorate. The researcher employed a descriptive approach with a purposive sampling method. An exploratory study was conducted involving 9 participants for the reluctance scale and 7 participants for the initiative scale, followed by a basic study applied to 47 participants for the reluctance scale and 30 participants for the initiative scale. The reluctance scale was developed based on four main axes"”self-confidence, optimism, positive thinking, and control/domination"”each consisting of 8 items (32 items in total), while the reluctance-to-participate scale contained 20 items. Statistical analyses revealed that the participating teachers demonstrated high levels of self-confidence, optimism, positive thinking, and control/domination. Significant differences were observed, and a correlation was found between the axes of reluctance and initiative. The study concludes that the constructed scales are reliable tools for assessing reluctance and initiative among physical education teachers. The findings contribute to educational and sports psychology by providing measurement instruments that can be applied not only to physical education staff but also to educators in general. It is recommended to adopt these scales for broader use and to intensify training and professional development programs to enhance teachers"™ initiative and reduce reluctance in sports participation.
Constructing a causal attribution scale for physical education teachers for physical education lessons in maysan governorate Al-Krizi, Maitham Mutair Hamidi
JURNAL PENDIDIKAN OLAHRAGA Vol. 15 No. 4 (2025): JURNAL PENDIDIKAN OLAHRAGA
Publisher : STKIP Taman Siswa Bima

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37630/jpo.v15i4.3338

Abstract

Background. Relationship between attribution and some of the explanations that the individual provides for his success and failure. He attributes this success and failure to the presence of four basic factors such as ability, effort, difficulty of the task, and luck. Objectives. The research aims to build a causal attribution scale for physical education teachers in Maysan Governorate. Methods. The researcher used the descriptive approach with a sample method. The study was applied to a sample of (134) educational staff, including male and female physical education teachers in Maysan Governorate. The sample of the exploratory study amounted to (29) participants, and the main study amounted to (205) participants. They were selected randomly. The causal attribution scale was built (prepared by the researcher) and appropriate statistical treatments were used. (5) sources were identified, namely confronting anxiety - emotional arousal - self-confidence - mental imagery - emotional balance, which represent the main axes of the causal attribution scale for physical education teachers in Maysan Governorate. Results. Existence of a strong consistency relationship between the questions posed and dimension to which phrase relates to scale of causal attribution axes, where highest consistency was recorded in the third axis (self-confidence), question No. (13), the least consistency between the questions posed and dimension to which phrase relates is in the second axis (emotional arousal), question number (17), which reached (167). Conclusion. The study concluded that these axes can be adopted to identify the arithmetic averages and standard deviation of physical education teachers and instructors. It concluded that there are standard scores for the causal attribution axes scale and recommended the necessity of using these axes as an indicator to identify the causal attribution of physical education teachers and instructors in Maysan Governorate.
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