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Effectiveness of Community-Based Interventions in Preventing Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review Guterres Magno, Nuno Pedro; Pereira Moniz, Elias; Amaral Gaio, Frenania Ermelinda; Fernandes Amaral, Manuela Maria; Belo, Isaura
Jurnal KESANS : Kesehatan dan Sains Vol 4 No 11 (2025): KESANS: International Journal of Health and Science
Publisher : Rifa'Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54543/kesans.v4i11.409

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global infectious disease, influenced by social determinants such as poverty. Community-based interventions (CBIs) are crucial for prevention, as they address biological and economic factors, enhance early detection, and engage communities in identifying, preventing, and managing TB. Strategies like active case finding (ACF) and community-based TB preventive treatment (TPT) reduce transmission, improve diagnosis in children, overcome transport barriers, and increase patient acceptance. Method: This systematic review examines CBIs in developed and developing countries, focusing on TB incidence and treatment adherence. Data were obtained from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Results and Discussion: Proactive case finding accelerates diagnosis and treatment, reducing transmission and improving outcomes. In Uganda, multidrug-resistant TB patients favored community-based care with transport support. Fluoroquinolone-based TPT was safe, reduced adverse events, and lowered TB cases. Conclusion: CBIs are effective in preventing and treating TB, lowering prevalence rates. Key risk factors include diabetes, smoking, and low BMI. For maximum impact, community health workers require recognition, training, fair compensation, and integration into national health systems.
The Relationship between Basic Sanitation Quality and Food Safety for Food Preparation in Restaurants at the Administrative Post Dom-Aleixo, Dili Municipality, 2025 Guterres Magno, Mario Carlos; Moniz, Elias Pereira; Noviyanti, Noviyanti; Amaral Gaio, Frenania Ermelinda; Guterres Magno, Nuno Pedro
Jurnal KESANS : Kesehatan dan Sains Vol 5 No 1 (2025): KESANS: International Journal of Health and Science
Publisher : Rifa'Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54543/kesans.v5i1.466

Abstract

Introduction: Food poisoning resulting from biological contamination and inadequate food handling practices is a significant global public health concern. In Timor-Leste, the high number of restaurants that do not meet hygiene standards represents a real threat to food safety, particularly in food preparation. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between basic sanitation quality and the implementation of five key food safety practices and the quality of food preparation in restaurants in the Dom-Aleixo Administrative Region, Dili Municipality, in 2025. Method: This study used a quantitative analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 35 restaurants were sampled using an accidental sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires, observations, and interviews, and analyzed using the chi-square test. Results: 71.4% of restaurants had good basic sanitation quality and implemented food safety practices in accordance with WHO standards. There was a significant relationship between sanitation quality and food preparation quality (p < 0.001). All restaurants with poor sanitation also demonstrated food preparation that did not meet standards. Human factors, such as the knowledge and attitudes of food handlers, are key determinants of the implementation of food safety practices. Recommendation: Restaurant owners are advised to provide regular training to staff on sanitation and food safety. Local governments also need to strengthen monitoring systems and provide regular training. Further research is recommended, including direct observation, to obtain more detailed and objective data.
Alternative Solutions to Environmental Health Issues: A Systematic Review Guterres Magno, Nuno Pedro; Amaral Gaio, Frenania Ermelinda; Garcia, Graciela; Menezes da Silva, Ines da Cruz; Barreto Moniz, Aurizia Elisa
Syntax Literate Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia
Publisher : Syntax Corporation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36418/syntax-literate.v10i6.59989

Abstract

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), environmental health is an important component in ensuring the sustainability of human life and ecology. Environmental health encompasses all aspects of human health, including quality of life, and is determined by physical, chemical, biological, social, and psychological factors. Some environmental health issues include air pollution, irresponsible waste disposal, climate change, and environmental degradation. Situation analysis, problem identification, prioritization of issues, development of alternative problem-solving activities, and problem-solving actions are steps in the problem-solving process to improve health and minimize its detrimental impact on environmental health. Method: used for article analysis, synthesis, and academic sources discussing alternative approaches to solving environmental health problems, starting with identification using relevant academic data from articles accessed in databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus, approximately 60 articles accessed for the extraction stage, with inclusion and exclusion criteria for articles within the last 7 years. Results: The health and community services must work together effectively to ensure that programs and services run smoothly and have strong regulations and law enforcement to regulate and implement comprehensive public health care for environmental health. Additionally, it is crucial to enforce environmental health standards and protect the environment from hazardous activities that cause diseases. The Four Rs—reduce, reuse, and recycle—are one of the strategies that can be used to prevent disease by minimizing waste pollution for environmental health and its impact on human health. Conclusion One alternative approach to addressing environmental health issues is public health, which offers solutions based on cooperation and a comprehensive approach to ensure effective prevention through health programs that encompass both promotive and preventive measures. A more holistic approach and effective management also require an integrated approach that includes environmental waste management and community diagnosis principles and methods. Proceed-Precede to address environmental health issues with credible and systematic data. an effective strategy for understanding and addressing environmental health issues comprehensively, strengthening regulations and law enforcement is also necessary to ensure effective policies for a healthy environment. By working together, the government, private sector, and the general public can discuss priority programs and activities that harm environmental health, which can also reduce pollution, prevent diseases, and improve healthy living standards in a healthy environment.