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All Journal Hakim: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Sosial Perkara: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Politik
Sitompul, Abdul Romadon
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Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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The Effectiveness of Juvenile Diversion in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines: A Comparative Study of ASEAN Justice Systems Kossay, Methodius; Dalimunteh, Nur Amannah; Sitompul, Abdul Romadon
Perkara : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Politik Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Juni 2025 : Perkara Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Politik
Publisher : Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/v2thtn98

Abstract

The diversion system provides an alternative approach to resolving cases involving children in conflict with the law (CICL), while upholding the values of restorative justice and social reintegration. This study compares the effectiveness of diversion systems in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines by examining the laws, implementation practices, and outcomes of their application. In a qualitative-comparative approach, data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 30 key informants, document analysis, and limited observation. Research findings indicate that Indonesia and Malaysia exhibited near-comparable effectiveness levels (with an average score of 3.5 within a 1-5 scale), whereby regulatory frameworks and recidivism prevention appeared as Indonesia's strengths, and social reintegration in the community was better in Malaysia. However, contrary to a sound legal framework, the Philippines was ranked the least effective (score of 2.25), particularly due to the lack of necessary institutional capacities. This research presents a comprehensive, cross-jurisdictional evaluation framework that emphasizes the integration of legal and social processes within juvenile justice systems. The findings create a strategic basis for formulating more responsive, child-centered policies and assist with the harmonization of child protection systems across the ASEAN region. 
The Transformation of Social Norms and Legal Adaptation in Responding to the Phenomenon of Digital Bullying Among Urban Adolescents Sitompul, Abdul Romadon; Dalimunteh, Nur Amannah
Hakim: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Sosial Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): HAKIM: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Sosial
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Komputer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51903/6v05v805

Abstract

The transition of digital technology has altered the social norms of urban adolescents, generating an online culture that often validates digital bullying as part of everyday life. The present study aims to investigate the dynamics of shifting social norms among adolescents in digital spaces and to assess the Indonesian legal system's adaptive capacity in responding to the phenomenon of digital bullying. The qualitative exploratory case study employed a multipronged data collection strategy, comprising interviews, digital ethnography, and document analysis, in the large cities of Jakarta, Surabaya, and Bandung. The results indicate that adolescents are allowing permissive norms regarding verbal aggression in interactions through digital media. In contrast, the law is seen as reactive, not child-friendly, and not oriented toward education. Adolescents tend to have a general distrust of formal legal mechanisms. The study concludes that the law's effectiveness ultimately depends on its ability to adapt to evolving digital norms. The main contribution of this research is combining the legal sociology and digital culture perspectives to propose a legal policy that is contextual, participatory, and focused on educating adolescents and ensuring their social protection. In practical terms, the findings provide policy recommendations to strengthen digital literacy programs in schools, develop adolescent-friendly reporting mechanisms, and encourage cross-sectoral collaboration to prevent and address digital bullying effectively.
Co-Authors Dalimunteh, Nur Amannah Kossay, Methodius