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All Journal Media Kedokteran Hewan
Dargantes, Alan
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Medicine & Pharmacology Veterinary

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Direct Financial Losses and Lived Experiences of Smallholder Pig Farmers in ASF-Affected Areas of Surigao del Sur, Philippines Dargantes, Kassey Alsylle; Siton, Vincent Rafael; Ebora, Arianne; Daguro, Ted Aries; Angcos, Lowella; Dargantes, Alan
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 36 No. 3 (2025): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v36i3.2025.290-303

Abstract

Following the first reported African Swine Fever (ASF) outbreak in Surigao del Sur in 2020, subsequent outbreaks have had a significant impact on smallholder pig farms across the province. This study aimed to estimate the direct financial losses due to ASF and to describe the lived experiences of affected smallholder farmers, specifically their perceptions, livelihood impact, management responses, and emotional distress, one year after the outbreak. A total of 108 smallholder pig farmers from three ASF-affected municipalities were interviewed using validated survey tools. Financial losses were calculated using a deterministic approach with descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were examined using Colaizzi's descriptive phenomenological method. Results showed that the outbreak affected 819 farms and 29 villages across eight municipalities. Direct financial losses were estimated at USD 39,795.85, averaging USD 736.96 per household. Phenomenological data revealed six themes: ASF knowledge, misconceptions, perceptions of transmission, economic impact, and control efforts. Many farmers also reported emotional distress due to the outbreak. This study provides valuable insights to guide targeted interventions, emphasizing veterinary outreach, biosecurity education, and community support to enhance resilience and reduce vulnerability in smallholder pig production systems.
Acute Oral and Dermal Toxicity of Mikania micrantha Essential Oil in Rats Magpale, Jessa Mae; Dargantes, Kassey Alsylle; Dargantes, Alan; Dargantes, Sylvia; Daguro, Ted Aries; Vecino, Hannah Lois; Risma, Airish Jane; Enot, Melania
Media Kedokteran Hewan Vol. 37 No. 1 (2026): Media Kedokteran Hewan
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v37i1.2026.40-52

Abstract

The safety profile of Mikania micrantha essential oil has not been sufficiently characterized, despite its demonstrated bioactivity. To address this, the study evaluated its acute oral and dermal toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 190–210g. Experimental groups included a negative control (distilled water), a positive control (DMSO+PBS), and three treatment groups (300, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg doses). The evaluation was conducted in accordance with OECD guidelines Nos. 423 and 402, pertaining to acute oral toxicity and acute dermal toxicity testing in animals, respectively. These protocols are standardized, providing internationally accepted procedures for assessing potential toxic effects of substances through oral and dermal routes. No mortalities or significant clinical abnormalities were observed over the 14-day observation period, while hemato-biochemical profiles remained within normal ranges. The parasitic cyst found in histopathology, containing larval cestodes, was an incidental finding and was not attributed to M. micrantha essential oil exposure. All these findings suggest that M. micrantha essential oil is well-tolerated by rats following acute oral and dermal administration, supporting its potential safe use in preclinical studies and laying the groundwork for its future development as a therapeutic agent in broader veterinary applications.
Co-Authors Angcos, Lowella Daguro, Ted Aries Dargantes, Kassey Alsylle Dargantes, Sylvia Ebora, Arianne Enot, Melania Magpale, Jessa Mae Risma, Airish Jane Siton, Vincent Rafael Vecino, Hannah Lois