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All Journal IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE)
Ahmad, Siti Azfanizam
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Automotive Engineering Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Six-Sigma approach to improve industry engagement strategies in Malaysian apprenticeship program Abdullah, Roziyati; Leman, Zulkiflle; Baharudin, B.T Hang Tuah; Ahmad, Siti Azfanizam
International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol 14, No 5: October 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v14i5.33288

Abstract

This empirical study develops an industry engagement model (IEM) by using the Six-Sigma define, measure, analyze, improve, and control (DMAIC) methodology to investigate the key strategies to enhance industry participation (IP) in the Malaysian apprenticeship program known as the National Dual Training System (NDTS). The relationship between five strategies, namely financial incentives (FI), digital administration (DA), productive collaboration (PC), flexible implementation (FT), and efficient promotion (EP) on IP, was examined. The 204 returned questionnaires were analyzed using partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that FT, EP, and DA strongly influence IP in the NDTS program. In contrast, improvement in FI and PC has little impact on industry involvement. The development of IEM by demonstrating the DMAIC concept is novel and new to the research. It offers enormous potential and value in improving policymakers’ decision-making in apprenticeship programs. It may also be extended to other areas of education in the future.
Vibration control of semi-active suspension system using super-twisting sliding mode controller Sun, Liuding; Ahmad, Siti Azfanizam; Ong, Jun Kit; Hanapi, Suhadiyana; As'arry, Azizan
IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) Vol 15, No 1: March 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijra.v15i1.pp171-180

Abstract

The development of suspension systems arises from the impact of vehicle vibrations caused by road irregularities on passengers. Among various suspension systems, semi-active suspension (SAS) is favored for its cost-effectiveness and power efficiency. Magnetorheological (MR) dampers are commonly used in SAS to enhance vibration control by adjusting the magnetic field. However, the traditional sliding mode control (SMC) method often causes chattering, which affects performance. This study proposes the application of a super-twisting sliding mode controller (STSMC) to improve vibration control in SAS and overcome the chattering problem. Simulations and experimental evaluations were conducted on a quarter-car test bench with different road excitations. The results show that the STSMC-based system outperforms the traditional controller in vibration suppression. Specifically, the suppression effect on the root mean square value of body acceleration on a sinusoidal road surface can reach up to 38.2%. Therefore, the STSMC controller demonstrates superior vibration control in SAS systems equipped with MR dampers, providing a valuable reference for future research on SAS vibration control.
Co-Authors Abdullah, Roziyati As'arry, Azizan Baharudin, B.T Hang Tuah Hanapi, Suhadiyana Leman, Zulkiflle Ong, Jun Kit Sun, Liuding