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All Journal Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry Journal of Bioprocess Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science
Utami, Anggia Afza
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Performance Evaluation and Adsorption Isotherm of Activated Bottom Ash for Free Fatty Acid Removal Ardiansyah, Novellia; Utami, Anggia Afza; Amir, Amelia; Ulfah, Maria
Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry Vol. 15 No. 3 (2025): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v15i3.843

Abstract

Boiler bottom ash is one of the by-products produced from the combustion of palm shells and fiber in the boiler furnace at high temperature.  These were usually disposed of on the land around the palm mill, causing environmental problems. In this research, non-activated and activated bottom ash treated with phosphoric acid were used as an adsorbent for removing free fatty acids (FFA) from crude palm oil (CPO) recovery. This study had two parameters. The first parameter is an adsorbent activator concentration with the variation level of 0, 5, 10, and 15 %. The second parameter is contact time with four levels involved in this research. They were 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours. The bottom ash adsorbent with a 10% concentration of phosphoric acid and a 3-hour contact time had the highest efficiency and capacity in removing FFAs from CPO recovery. The lowering of water and impurity content in CPO recovery after the adsorption process was in the range of 0.05% to 0.22% and 0.01% to 0.04%, respectively. The isotherm model was evaluated using the Langmuir and the Freundlich. The Isotherm model was fitted to the Freundlich, and this indicated multilayer adsorption with R2 = 0.9869.
Pembuatan Minyak Atsiri dari Komoditas Alam Daun Kayu Putih Al'farisi, Cory Dian; Zahrina, Ida; Drastinawati, Drastinawati; Khairat, Khairat; Herman, Syamsu; Utami, Anggia Afza; Alfajar, Fariz
Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science Vol 5 No 1 (2024): Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.5.1.29-35

Abstract

Eucalyptus oil is one of the essential oil obtained from the extraction of eucalyptus leaves. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of variations in sample treatment and extraction time on the yield of eucalyptus essential oil and determine the characteristics of eucalyptus essential oil produced by the hydro distillation method. Variations in sample treatment were carried out by chopping, crushing, and blending dry eucalyptus leaves. 500 grams eucalyptus leaves are weighed and put in a 2000 mL flask. ±1000 mL of distilled water was added and the extraction process was carried out for 5, 6 and 7 hours. The results showed that the highest yield was obtained from blending treatment with an extraction time of 7 hours with a yield of 0.58%. Characteristic tests on eucalyptus leaf essential oil included: color, odor, specific gravity, refractive index and solubility in ethanol 80%. From the analysis of the test results, the color of eucalyptus oil is cloudy. The odor test results obtained are the distinctive odor of eucalyptus. The best value of eucalyptus oil specific gravity was 0.913 on crushed leaves for 6 hours. In the ethanol solubility test, the resulting oil dissolves in ethanol and a clear solution is obtained. The highest refractive index value of eucalyptus oil on chopped leaves for 5 hours is 1.469. Eucalyptus oil has a quality in accordance with the quality requirements of SNI 3954: 2014.
Co-Authors Al'farisi, Cory Dian Alfajar, Fariz Amelia Amir Ardiansyah, Novellia Drastinawati Drastinawati, Drastinawati Ida Zahrina Khairat, Khairat Maria Ulfah Syamsu Herman