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All Journal Journal of Social Comunity Services Journal of Social Science Journal of Learning on History and Social Sciences
Sabar, Mohammed Ghazi
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Religion Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Mathematics Social Sciences Other

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CULTURAL EXTINCTION OF IRAQI MINORITIES: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY Sabar, Mohammed Ghazi
Journal of Social Science Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): Journal of Social Science
Publisher : PT. Antis International Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijss.v2i4.61

Abstract

Objective: Cultural diversity in Iraq faces profound existential challenges that threaten the survival of religious and ethnic minority identities. This research analyses the manifestations of cultural extinction through the decline of mother tongues, the erosion of communal rituals, displacement and spatial uprooting, and the weakening of institutional presence among minority groups. Method: The study is grounded in an integrated theoretical framework that incorporates the concepts of cultural hegemony, symbolic violence, forced assimilation, and symbolic annihilation to understand the dynamics of this phenomenon. Results: The findings reveal that cultural extinction is not merely a gradual process of losing symbols but rather a reflection of structural power relations that reproduce symbolic inequalities through institutions such as education, media, the labour market, and religion. These transformations have direct implications for society at large, most notably the erosion of social capital, the fragility of cultural citizenship, the deepening of mistrust between the state and citizens, and the weakening of Iraq’s soft power in international arenas. Novelty: The study concludes that protecting cultural diversity is not only a humanitarian obligation but also a strategic necessity, as the sustainability of national stability requires genuine recognition of minorities, empowerment in decision-making, and safeguarding of their heritage and collective memory within a unifying national framework.
THE SOCIOLOGY OF CULTURAL ASSIMILATION AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION OF IRAQI ETHNIC GROUPS: A CASE STUDY OF SOME IRAQI ETHNIC GROUPS Sabar, Mohammed Ghazi
Journal of Social Comunity Services Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Social Community Service (JSCS)
Publisher : Antis-publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/jscs.v3i1.400

Abstract

Objective: This research aims to study the sociology of cultural assimilation and social integration of Iraqi minorities (Yazidis, Shabaks, Mandaeans) by adopting a mixed methodology that combines quantitative methods (questionnaires and statistical analysis) and qualitative methods (semi-structured interviews). Method: The study utilized a mixed-method approach, employing questionnaires for quantitative data and semi-structured interviews for qualitative insights, complemented by statistical analysis to interpret the findings. Result: The results reveal that cultural assimilation has been clearly achieved through the adoption of the Arabic language and integration into the education system, while structural and political integration remains limited, reflecting a state of ‘incomplete integration.’ The study also highlighted that religious rituals and social ties are effective mechanisms for preserving identity but sometimes reinforce ethnic boundaries. Novelty: The research concluded that overcoming this issue requires comprehensive institutional reforms, including the integration of minority languages into the education system, expanding political representation, and strengthening community networks to ensure greater equity in opportunities for participation and integration.  
ETHNIC CONFLICTS IN IRAQI SOCIETY: THE KURDISH- TURKMEN CONFLICT IN KIRKUK AS A MODEL Sabar, Mohammed Ghazi
Journal of Learning on History and Social Sciences Vol. 2 No. 9 (2025): Journal of Learning on History and Social Sciences
Publisher : PT. Antis International Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ejlhss.v2i9.1438

Abstract

Objective: This research addresses the issue of ethnic conflicts in Iraqi society by analysing the Kurdish-Turkmen conflict in the city of Kirkuk as a representative example of the complexities of national diversity in Iraq, seeking to explore the historical, social and political dynamics that have shaped this chronic conflict, focusing on the intersection of competing identities with struggles over power and resources, and their impact on the reproduction of tensions between societal components. Method: The research adopts a multidimensional analytical framework based on theories of social identity, realist conflict, and symbolic interaction to explain the mechanisms of ethnic polarisation in Kirkuk. Result: The findings show that the absence of inclusive state institutions, the employment of sub-identities by political elites, and regional interventions have all contributed to perpetuating a state of mutual distrust and marginalisation between Kurds and Turkmen, while also addressing the social, psychological and economic consequences of the conflict, including the disintegration of social networks, the deepening of feelings of identity closure, and the stagnation of development in disputed areas. Novelty: The research concludes with a number of strategic recommendations aimed at enhancing opportunities for peaceful coexistence and effective diversity management, including reforming representative institutions, distributing resources equitably, and promoting an inclusive national identity, drawing on comparative international experiences.
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