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Kadhim, Saad Badi
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A PRAGMATIC CRITICAL STUDY OF DECEPTION IN WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE’S MACBETH Kadhim, Saad Badi; Hassan, Dhuha Ismail Khalil
Journal of Social Science Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Social Science
Publisher : PT. Antis International Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ijss.v3i1.66

Abstract

Objective: This study explores the manifestation of deceit in Shakespeare’s Macbeth through pragmatic and critical discourse analysis, with specific aims of identifying the types of deception employed, uncovering the thematic topics that fuel persuasive deceit, and proposing an eclectic model for categorizing deceptive utterances based on Fairclough’s (1989) framework. Method: Employing a qualitative design, the research systematically examines textual evidence from the play, applying discourse-analytic techniques to classify and interpret deceptive strategies within the dramatic context. Results: The analysis reveals that directive speech acts dominate the early stages of deception, with prosperity, throne, pride, and power as recurring themes, while overstatements and violations of the quality maxim emerge as the most frequent forms of deceit. The study also indicates that concealment is scarcely observed, and speech acts with dual pragmatic force are rare. Novelty: By integrating Fairclough’s critical discourse model into an eclectic framework, this research advances a distinctive approach to literary pragmatics, offering new insights into how rhetorical deception is constructed and functions in shaping characters’ ideologies and the tragic trajectory of Shakespeare’s play.
A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF IRONY IN SHAKESPEARE’S HAMLET: AN OVERVIEW Kadhim, Saad Badi
Academic Journal Research Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Academic Journal Research
Publisher : Antis Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/acjoure.v3i2.416

Abstract

Objective: This study investigates the pragmatic foundations of irony in Shakespeare’s Hamlet, focusing on identifying the dominant strategies of irony, the mechanisms that trigger ironic meaning, and the development of an eclectic analytical model grounded in Leech’s and Rajimwale’s principles. Method: Employing a qualitative descriptive design, the study examines selected textual excerpts from Hamlet, analyzing the illocutionary force of ironic utterances through contextual, linguistic, and pragmatic cues. Results: Analysis reveals that destructive irony—particularly sarcasm, hyperbole, and litotes—appears far more frequently than constructive irony, serving Hamlet’s goals of confrontation, suspicion-verification, and social critique. Constructive mechanisms such as satire, pun, and banter occur rarely, functioning mainly to reduce social distance or subtly reform behavior. The findings show that irony in the play operates as a powerful communicative tool used to reveal deception, challenge authority, and expose moral corruption. Novelty: This research offers a synthesized pragmatic model capable of systematically identifying and interpreting ironic strategies in dramatic and narrative texts, providing a transferable analytical framework for future literary-pragmatic studies.
A REALISTIC ANALYSIS OF CONFLICTS IN POLITICAL DEBATES MUSTANSIRIYAH UNIVERSITY Kadhim, Saad Badi
Journal of Learning on History and Social Sciences Vol. 2 No. 9 (2025): Journal of Learning on History and Social Sciences
Publisher : PT. Antis International Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/ejlhss.v2i9.1464

Abstract

Objective: The current study aims to explore the conflictive speech acts used in political arguments as a tool of persuasion to undermine Russia's role and attitudes as a prominent participant in foreign policy and a large economic power. Method: Using conflictive language, the American president attempts to isolate Russia from the rest of the world, characterising it as a terrorist state intent on attacking not only Ukraine but all of the world's countries. Results: This part is not explicitly mentioned in the original text, but you could infer that the results would focus on how the use of conflictive speech acts shapes the perception of Russia in global discourse. Novelty: The novelty lies in the examination of how political leaders use conflictive speech acts as a strategic tool in international relations and foreign policy, specifically targeting Russia.
Co-Authors Hassan, Dhuha Ismail Khalil