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All Journal Chemistry Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research
Fernanda, Moza Ayu
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Engineering Environmental Science

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Synthesis of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Rice Husk Using Nitric Acid Hydrolysis Fernanda, Moza Ayu; Novianah, Delia Indah; Siswati, Nana Dyah; Pujiastuti, Caecilia
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 13 No 2 (2025): Edition for September 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2025.13-moz

Abstract

Rice husk residue has excellent potential as a raw material for making cellulose nanocrystals because of its relatively high cellulose content. This research focuses on determining the most effective hydrolysis conditions, especially the reaction time and nitric acid (HNO₃) content, in the synthesis of cellulose nanocrystals. This study also aims to determine the effect of variations in nitric acid concentration and hydrolysis time on the amount of product produced (yield) and the final size of cellulose nanocrystals. The process of making these nanocrystals involves three main stages, namely the removal of lignin using a 17,5% NaOH solution, followed by annealing using a 10% H₂O₂ solution, and finally breaking the cellulose bonds (acid hydrolysis) with a concentrated nitric acid solution of between 2% and 6% for different time periods (30 to 15 minutes). Product characterization using FT-IR and SEM has been carried out to confirm the presence of cellulose and determine the size of the nanocrystals formed. Experimental results show that the smallest cellulose crystal size achieved is between 0,93 to 65,10 μm, which was obtained through hydrolysis using 6% nitric acid for 150 minutes.
Co-Authors Nana Dyah Siswati, Anwar Zain and Mohammad Novianah, Delia Indah Pujiastuti, Caecilia