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All Journal Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Chemistry Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Nurhana, Eti Ayu
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Physicochemical Characterization and Recyclability of CaO/SiO₂ Catalysts Derived from Eggshell and Rice Husk for Biodiesel Application Nurhana, Eti Ayu; Perdani, Meka Saima; Umam, Hilman Imadul; Fadilla, Amalia Dian; Sitanggang, Christin Octaviani
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 13 No 2 (2025): Edition for September 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2025.13-eti

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics and reusability of CaO/SiO₂ heterogeneous catalysts synthesized from eggshell and rice husk waste for biodiesel production. The catalyst, prepared with a 2:1 CaO to SiO₂ ratio, was applied in three transesterification cycles using waste cooking oil. Between cycles, the used catalyst was washed with n-hexane and dried at 80 °C for 12 hours. Catalyst characterization was performed using SEM-EDX, FTIR, and N2 adsorption-desorption analysis. The biodiesel yield decreased from 65 ± 4.95% (first cycle) to 54 ± 1.41% and 46 ± 2.12% in subsequent cycles, indicating reduced catalytic activity. SEM-EDX revealed particle agglomeration, calcium content declined (from 24.78% to 19.22%), and increased silicon exposure (from 4.66% to 21.86%). FTIR analysis detected organic residue accumulation, while N2 adsorption-desorption results showed a decrease in surface area (20.79 to 11.67 m²/g) and pore volume (0.03 to 0.02 cc/g), with increased pore size. The biodiesel showed a density of 1112–1119 ± 1.41 kg/m³ and a kinematic viscosity of 2.03–2.07 cSt, indicating it still requires purification to meet SNI 7182:2015 standards. These findings highlight the catalyst's promising initial performance and underscore the need for regeneration strategies to maintain catalytic efficiency over multiple uses.
Efektivitas Katalis CaO/SiO2 dari Limbah Sekam Padi dan Cangkang Telur dengan Variabel Waktu Reaksi untuk Sintesis Biodiesel Sitanggang, Christin Octaviani; Perdani, Meka Saima; Umam, Hilman Imadul; Fadilla, Amalia Dian; Nurhana, Eti Ayu
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v15i1.22313

Abstract

This research focusses on the synthesis of biodiesel as an altenative fuel to replace diesel oil which can be produced from vegetable oil or animal fat as renewable dan sustainable fuel. This study was conducted to determine the effect of stirring time in the manufacture of biodiesel on the effectiveness of the CaO/SiO2 catalyst from egg shell waste dan rice husks in the transesterification process. The control variables in this study were raw materials taken from rice husk waste dan chicken egg shell waste, and the mole ratio of used cooking oil: methanol used was 9:1. The variation of stirring time used was 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes, 150 minutes with a stirring speed of 450 rpm at 65ºC. The results showed that the optimal time in this study was 150 minutes with a biodiesel yield of 63.64%.
Efektivitas Katalis CaO/SiO2 dari Limbah Sekam Padi dan Cangkang Telur dengan Variabel Waktu Reaksi untuk Sintesis Biodiesel Sitanggang, Christin Octaviani; Perdani, Meka Saima; Umam, Hilman Imadul; Fadilla, Amalia Dian; Nurhana, Eti Ayu
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v15i1.22313

Abstract

This research focusses on the synthesis of biodiesel as an altenative fuel to replace diesel oil which can be produced from vegetable oil or animal fat as renewable dan sustainable fuel. This study was conducted to determine the effect of stirring time in the manufacture of biodiesel on the effectiveness of the CaO/SiO2 catalyst from egg shell waste dan rice husks in the transesterification process. The control variables in this study were raw materials taken from rice husk waste dan chicken egg shell waste, and the mole ratio of used cooking oil: methanol used was 9:1. The variation of stirring time used was 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes, 150 minutes with a stirring speed of 450 rpm at 65ºC. The results showed that the optimal time in this study was 150 minutes with a biodiesel yield of 63.64%.
Co-Authors Fadilla, Amalia Dian Perdani, Meka Saima Sitanggang, Christin Octaviani