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Lestari, Suwiji
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

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Design of Bi-and Tri-metal Oxide Photocatalysts via Gelatin-Directed Mesoporous Silica Hard Templating for Advanced Dye Degradation Ulfa, Maria; Lestari, Suwiji
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2025: BCREC Volume 20 Issue 4 Year 2025 (December 2025)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20460

Abstract

This study aims to develop a photocatalyst combination of NiO, CuO and ZnO metal oxides modified with mesoporous silica gelatin (mSG) to overcome methylene blue (MB) dye waste through photodegradation process. The photocatalysts were synthesized using the hard template method with mSG as the matrix and tested for their performance towards MB degradation under ultraviolet light. Characterization results showed that the G-Ni-Cu-Zn photocatalyst has a larger surface area, better crystalline structure, nano particle size (~26 nm), and band gap energy of 3.16 eV compared to G-Ni-Zn which has a very low surface area, larger particle morphology (~0.46 μm), and band gap energy of 2.13 eV. Photodegradation tests showed a maximum degradation efficiency of 83.67% by G-Ni-Cu-Zn in 120 minutes, which is much higher than that of G-Ni-Zn. Copyright © 2025 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Role of Ni and Zn Dopants in Modulating the Structure and Photocatalytic Activity of Mesoporous Silica–Cu Catalysts for Methylene Blue Degradation Ulfa, Maria; Lestari, Suwiji
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: Just Accepted Manuscript and Article In Press 2026
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20679

Abstract

This study investigates the structural and photocatalytic roles of Ni and Zn dopants in mesoporous silica–Cu catalysts for methylene blue degradation under light irradiation. The materials were synthesized and systematically characterized using FTIR, XRD, BET, SEM–EDS, and UV–DRS to elucidate dopant-dependent structural, textural, and electronic modifications. XRD analysis revealed that Zn doping enhances crystallinity to 90.80% with a crystallite size of 1.97 nm, whereas Ni doping produces lower crystallinity (80.69%) and smaller crystallites (1.82 nm), indicating defect-rich microstructures. BET analysis confirmed mesoporous characteristics in both systems, with Zn incorporation generating broader pore distributions and higher adsorption capacity, while Ni induces more confined pore structures. SEM results showed average particle sizes of 1.49 nm for Zn-doped and 1.67 nm for Ni-doped catalysts. UV–DRS measurements demonstrated pronounced electronic modulation, with Ni doping significantly narrowing the band gap to 1.02–1.11 eV compared with 2.08–2.78 eV for Zn-doped materials. Photocatalytic evaluation at an initial methylene blue concentration of 10 ppm showed superior performance for the Ni-doped catalyst, achieving 79.59% removal efficiency and an adsorption capacity of 19.89 mg g⁻¹, compared with 50.98% removal and 12.74 mg g⁻¹ for the Zn-doped system. Kinetic analysis followed pseudo-first-order behavior, with a higher rate constant for Ni doping (0.01675 min⁻¹) than Zn doping (0.00706 min⁻¹). These findings demonstrate that Ni primarily enhances photocatalytic activity through electronic defect formation and band gap narrowing, while Zn mainly improves structural ordering and pore accessibility. The study highlights the critical role of dopant selection in tailoring structure–activity relationships in mesoporous silica–Cu photocatalysts.
Co-Authors Maria Ulfa