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All Journal Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems
Yang, Xiaoqing
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Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Journal : Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics

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Load frequency control of multi-source power system using PID+DD controller based on chess algorithm Areeyat, Chatmongkol; Audomsi, Sitthisak; Obma, Jagraphon; Yang, Xiaoqing; Sa-ngiamvibool, Worawat
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 14, No 6: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v14i6.10425

Abstract

This article presents load frequency control for a nonlinear multi-source power system divided into three areas, consisting of thermal reheat power plants, hydropower, and wind generation, while considering generation rate constraints (GRC). A proportional–integral–derivative (PID) plus second-order derivative (PID+DD) controller optimized using the chess algorithm (CA) is proposed. The effectiveness of CA is validated against hippopotamus optimization (HO), grey wolf optimizer (GWO), and ant lion optimizer (ALO) under two scenarios: a 10% step load perturbation (SLP) and a random load pattern (RLP). Simulation results indicate that the proposed CA significantly improves dynamic performance. In scenario 1 (10% SLP), CA achieves a reduction of approximately 30.5% in integral weight time absolute error (ITSE) compared to GWO and 43.7% compared to HO, while also reducing frequency undershoot in Area 2 by 15.2% compared to HO. In scenario 2 RLP, CA maintains robustness, limiting tie-line power deviations to ±8 MW, whereas HO exhibits deviations exceeding ±12 MW. Overall, the CA-tuned PID+DD controller demonstrates superior damping, reduced overshoot and undershoot, and enhanced stability across multi-area interconnected renewable systems, making it a promising approach for future real-time load frequency control (LFC) applications with higher renewable penetration.
Co-Authors Areeyat, Chatmongkol Audomsi, Sitthisak Obma, Jagraphon Sa-ngiamvibool, Worawat