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All Journal PERSPEKTIF Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Publik dan Pemerintahan
Onor, Kester C.
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Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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Beyond State-Centric Security: Rethinking Human Insecurity in Africa through a People-Centred Lens Onor, Kester C.
Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Publik dan Pemerintahan (JIAPP) Vol 4, No 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Publik dan Pemerintahan (JIAPP) - August
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/jiaap.v4i2.6512

Abstract

Human (in)security in Africa is a multidimensional challenge influenced by political, economic, social, and environmental factors. Despite various security interventions, the continent continues to face armed conflicts, terrorism, weak governance, poverty, climate change, and forced displacement. This study examines the root causes and consequences of human insecurity in Africa and evaluates the effectiveness of shifting from state-centric to people-centred security approaches. Using a qualitative research design, the study applies human security theory and analyses case studies from the Sahel, Horn of Africa, and Great Lakes region. Data were obtained from documentary sources, reports, and scholarly literature to identify insecurity and governance deficits. Findings reveal that state-centric security frameworks have largely failed to address the lived realities of affected populations. Persistent vulnerabilities manifest in mass displacement, food insecurity, economic underdevelopment, and social fragmentation, further fueling cycles of violence and instability. The study advocates a people-centred security paradigm prioritising inclusive governance, economic resilience, and regional cooperation. It contributes to ongoing debates on African security governance and calls for policies emphasising human dignity and well-being over militarised responses to achieve sustainable peace and development.
Peacekeeping or Perpetuating Insecurity? Human Security Implications of Peacekeeping Missions in South Sudan Onor, Kester C.; Ndulue, Jennifer C.
PERSPEKTIF Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): PERSPEKTIF January
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/perspektif.v15i1.16818

Abstract

Peacekeeping missions (PKMs) are widely promoted as instruments of civilian protection and post-conflict stabilisation, yet their human security outcomes remain contested, particularly in fragile states. In South Sudan, sustained peacekeeping engagement since 2013 has coincided with protracted political rivalry and ethnic fragmentation, raising questions about the effectiveness of such interventions in improving everyday human security. This study examines the human security implications of peacekeeping missions in South Sudan between 2013 and 2021, focusing on their interactions with civilian protection, displacement, and community-level vulnerabilities. Anchored in the Fiduciary Theory of Humanitarian Intervention, which emphasises the ethical obligation of interveners to prioritise civilian welfare alongside operational security, the study adopts a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory design. Data are drawn from academic literature, United Nations and humanitarian agency reports, policy documents, and credible media sources, and are analysed thematically. The findings reveal that while peacekeeping missions have provided limited protective functions, they have struggled to reduce violence or address broader human security threats significantly. Protection of Civilians (PoC) sites offered temporary refuge but were undermined by governance deficits, resource constraints, abuse allegations, health risks, and the circulation of small arms. Moreover, peacekeeping efforts prioritised elite political settlements over community-based reconciliation, limiting their capacity to address structural drivers of insecurity. The study concludes that peacekeeping in South Sudan functioned essentially as crisis management rather than a transformative human security intervention, underscoring the need for a recalibration towards inclusive peacebuilding and community-centred security.
Co-Authors Ndulue, Jennifer C.