Tumiwa, Tessalonika Putri Gracia
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Becoming the Swan: The Lacanian Mirror Stage and The Illusion of Identity in The Ugly Duckling Tumiwa, Tessalonika Putri Gracia; Situmorang, Gladys Jessica Sharon; Wijaya, Willy Chandra; Ruata, Sabian Alfaro Petra
Jurnal Pendidikan Makarios Vol 3 No 1 (2025): BOANERGES
Publisher : Yayasan Pendidikan Gereja Masehi Advent Hari Ketujuh Makarios

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This study analyzes Hans Christian Andersen’s The Ugly Duckling through Jacques Lacan’s concept of the mirror stage, highlighting how identity is shaped by external perceptions and societal acceptance. Using psychoanalytic criticism, the research investigates how the duckling’s self-image is formed and transformed through rejection, mockery, and eventual recognition. The findings show that: 1) the duckling initially perceives himself as ugly because of repeated rejection and labeling from those around him; 2) he embarks on a journey in search of acceptance, during which his self-esteem is eroded by constant mockery and social exclusion; and 3) his confidence and self-perception improve only after his physical transformation into a swan, which aligns with societal beauty standards. This study underscores how children’s literature can illuminate the deep psychological impact of social judgment and offers an important reminder to support children in developing positive self-concepts, regardless of appearance.
A City for the Few: A Marxist Criticism Analysis of Class Struggles and Ideology in Zootopia (2016) Movie Tumiwa, Tessalonika Putri Gracia; Gumanti, Priscilla Aurellia Fensa; Tarihora, Gracia Isabela Sabathini; Syah, Caleb Joshua
Jurnal Pendidikan Makarios Vol 3 No 2 (2026): BOANERGES
Publisher : Yayasan Pendidikan Gereja Masehi Advent Hari Ketujuh Makarios

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Through the lens of Marxist criticism, this study investigates class struggle and ideology as depicted in the 2016 animated feature Zootopia. It aims to reveal how constructed ideologies contribute to shaping class struggles and how false ideologies. The film, which portrays a society divided into predators and prey, was examined to understand how labor exploitation and ideological dominance reflect Karl Marx's and Engel's Marxist theory (1847 & 1867). Qualitative methodology was employed in this study, with data collection focusing on the examination of particular scenes, spoken dialogue, and various cinematic elements: camera positioning, lighting design, and musical accompaniment. As the results: 1) Class Divisions: the film illustrates how societal ideologies, particularly the "predator vs prey" binary, are instilled from a young age, shaping perceptions and forming class divisions. This early indoctrination influences individuals' ideological perspectives and their views of different groups. 2) False Consciousness and Structural Power Abuse: Zootopia demonstrates how false consciousness is formed when individuals accept socially constructed roles as natural, even when these roles are designed to maintain a hierarchy that favors dominant groups. The film shows how structural power and institutions, like the ZPD, are abused to reinforce the "predator vs prey" hierarchy, placing prey in subordinate roles despite their qualifications. 3) Emergence of Class Consciousness and Social Transformation: The study highlights that the exposure of Bellwether's conspiracy results in an "ideological awakening," revealing that the predator-prey conflict is not natural but a constructed political tool. At its core, the paper argues that Zootopia successfully reveals the transformative power of exposing institutional inequalities to awaken collective consciousness and enable societal reform. This study is significant for social awareness of how constructed ideologies in popular media plays a crucial role in shaping how individuals perceive social struggles and inequality.