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All Journal Golden Ratio of Mapping Idea and Literature Format Estudiante Law Journal
Rivera, Kevin
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Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Social Sciences

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Comparison of Political and Legal Dynamics in the Impeachment Process: A Case Study of Indonesia and Brazil Rivera, Kevin; Iqbal Mustapa, Muhammad
Estudiante Law Journal VOL. 7 NO. 3 OCTOBER 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33756/eslaj.v7i3.31090

Abstract

Impeachment is a constitutional mechanism in presidential systems designed to hold presidents accountable, yet its execution is often shaped by political dynamics rather than purely legal considerations. This study compares the impeachment cases of Indonesia’s President Abdurrahman Wahid (2001) and Brazil’s President Dilma Rousseff (2016), revealing how political interests significantly influenced both processes. In Indonesia, Wahid’s removal stemmed largely from executive-legislative tensions and party-political maneuvering, with weak legal grounds. In Brazil, Rousseff’s impeachment was driven by intense government-opposition conflict, amplified by media narratives and public opinion, leading to heightened polarization. Despite constitutional frameworks, both cases illustrate how impeachment can be weaponized as a political tool rather than a legal safeguard. The study highlights the blurred boundary between law and politics in impeachment proceedings and underscores its consequences for democratic stability and institutional credibility. Findings suggest that when impeachment is motivated by partisan agendas, it risks eroding public trust in legal institutions and weakening governance. To preserve democratic integrity, impeachment processes must adhere to principles of objectivity, transparency, and fairness, ensuring they serve accountability not political expediency.
Integrative Framework for Strategic and Sustainable CSR of Microfinance Institutions Rivera, Kevin; Putra, Aditya Halim Perdana Kusuma
Golden Ratio of Mapping Idea and Literature Format Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): February - April
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grmilf.v6i2.1742

Abstract

The study comprehensively reviews the literature of corporate social responsibility (CSR) - related activities, CSR assessment, and CSR sustainability within the context of microfinance institutions (MFIs). This research employs a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed journal articles published in the recent decade that were retrieved from major academic databases and analyzed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines with inclusion criteria focusing on open-access, English-language, and peer-reviewed studies. From an initial pool of 807 articles, 86 met the criteria for detailed review, and 31 were ultimately selected to inform the development of a comprehensive framework. The results reveal that CSR activities in MFIs are strongly influenced by assessment metrics based on OECD-DAC evaluation criteria and sustainability measures grounded in the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) indicators. The reviewed articles demonstrate both direct and indirect relationships between CSR and sustainability with prevailing variables such as stakeholder trust, organizational commitment, transparency, governance, and social legitimacy. The findings show that CSR contributes significantly to institutional resilience, reputation enhancement, stakeholder engagement, and long-term sustainability outcomes in MFIs, suggesting that strategically aligned CSR-related activities form an integrative framework that enhances both organizational performance and broader social impact.
Co-Authors Aditya Halim Perdana Kusuma Putra Putra Iqbal Mustapa, Muhammad