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All Journal INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY
Hajerah , Hajerah
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Energy Environmental Science

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RAINWATER RUNOFF TREATMENT USING LAYERED ECO PAVING BLOCKS: EFFECTS OF THICKNESS AND DENSITY Ritnawati, Ritnawati; Akbar, Ahmad Qasim; Hasnawi, Mursyid; Agisaqma, La Ode; Basri, Muh Subri; Shalihah, Fithrah Faradhiba; Ali, Aisyah Mardiana; Hajerah , Hajerah; Djamaluddin, Ibrahim; Anugrah , Anugrah; Indrayani, Poppy; Erdawaty, Erdawaty; Zhang, Xuepeng
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 8, NUMBER 2, OCTOBER 2025
Publisher : Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v8i2.23224

Abstract

Aims: This study aims to investigate the effect of binder variations on the compressive strength of eco paving blocks composed of four layered materials-rice husk, quartz sand, gravel, and activated carbon-each with a thickness of 6 cm. Methodology and results: The application is directed toward wastewater treatment using the rain garden method. Laboratory experiments were conducted to obtain reliable performance data. The results show that cement-bonded paving blocks demonstrate superior performance compared to those using fly ash binders. Cement adhesives ensured strong cohesion between layers, with blocks maintaining integrity during demolding without signs of damage or porosity. In contrast, paving blocks with fly ash binders required longer drying times due to the high moisture absorption of quartz sand, and they exhibited brittleness caused by weak adhesion. Extended curing was necessary before fly ash could adequately bond the base materials. Conclusion, significance and impact study: Quantitative findings revealed that paving blocks with cement adhesives achieved an average compressive strength of 836.25 MPa, higher than the 696.25 MPa of fly ash-bonded blocks. These results imply that cement remains the more effective binder for eco paving blocks in rainwater runoff and wastewater treatment, while fly ash requires optimization to improve its bonding performance. Eco-paving provides a nature-based, sustainable, and cost-effective solution for urban wastewater management, achieving both structural durability and effective pollutant removal.
Co-Authors Akbar, Ahmad Qasim Ali, Aisyah Mardiana Anugrah , Anugrah Basri, Muh Subri Erdawaty, Erdawaty Hasnawi, Mursyid IBRAHIM DJAMALUDDIN, IBRAHIM La Ode Agisaqma POPPY INDRAYANI, POPPY Ritnawati, Ritnawati Shalihah, Fithrah Faradhiba Zhang, Xuepeng