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Environmental Conflicts and Regional Conflict Resolution Chukwunedum, Ogochukwu Chinedum; Godspower Onyekachukwu Ekwueme; Anizoba, Daniel Chinazom
Jurnal Scientia Vol. 14 No. 02 (2025): Education and Sosial science, 2025
Publisher : Sean Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58471/scientia.v14i02.3047

Abstract

This article examines when and how environmental scarcity and degradation lead to conflicts, and how countries resolve conflicts over the sharing of renewable resources between different states. Two research programs related to environmentally-based conflicts are reviewed, and about thirty activities for resolving environmental conflicts are listed. A single example of the Nile Basin Initiative is dealt with in particular detail. Three main conclusions can be drawn: First, scarcity of renewable resources and environmental degradation can lead to conflict when they interfere with each other under certain political and socio-economic conditions. Such conflicts can become serious in the internal settlement process, often in the context of political instability and poverty. International environmental conflicts, however, very rarely lead to military action. Yet the lack of international cooperation when sharing resources, based on the interests of various states, it really prevents the adequate development of these resources, thereby leading to overuse or underutilization of the resource, or to obvious “natural” disasters such as droughts and floods. These negative consequences, in turn, can collectively lead to poverty, migration and conflict. Second, there are indications that the assistance of a third party, usually an International Government Organization (IGO), is often more effective in reducing international tensions and enhancing environmental sustainability than conflicts governed solely by the conflicting parties themselves. Moreover, examples further demonstrate that conflict resolution efforts are likely to be more successful when they place a strong emphasis on common interests, focus on efficiency and require external resolution, and when they are jointly involved in sharing costs and revenues. Third, the above examples of conflict resolution show that International Governmental Organizations should strengthen their role as mediators from an independent third party. IGOs must support the participants without taking responsibility for the process itself or the results. A “cross-cutting” settlement, that is, measures to link the government with middle and lower-level leaders, is necessary to avoid shifting the problem from the international arena to the national level.
A Survey and Ranking of Common Particleboard Materials Using Grey Relational Grade (GRG) Chukwunedum, Ogochukwu Chinedum; Nwobi-Okoye, Chidozie Chukwuemeka; Ekwueme, Godspower Onyekachukwu; Chinazom, Anizoba, Daniel
Journal of Industrial Engineering & Management Research Vol. 6 No. 4 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : AGUSPATI Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.7777/jiemar.v6i3.600

Abstract

In this research study fifteen (15) different composites of particleboards were studied based on their five (5) common physical and mechanical properties, and was graded and ranked based on these properties using Grey Relational Grade (GRG). Their common properties upon which the analysis was done and results were obtained are: Density (D), Water Absorption (WA), Thickness Swelling (TS), Modulus of Rupture (MOR), and Modulus of Elasticity (MOE). The Grey Relational Grade (GRG) used in this research study for the grading and ranking showed that the particleboard made from Sawdust Wastes and Plastic-Based Resin (Waste Styrofoam) has the best Grey Relational Grade with a value of 0.8143 (81.43%) GRG, and was ranked number one, depicting the particleboard composition with the best physical and mechanical properties. From the Grey Relational Grade results, Cement-Bonded particleboard made from Pine (Pinus Caribaea M.) Sawdust and Coconut Husk/Coir (Cocos Nucifera L.) showed the least GRG with a value of 0.4279 (42.79%) GRG, and was ranked the least, number fifteen, depicting the particleboard composition with the poorest physical and mechanical properties. The results from this research study will serve as a framework which will aid and guide industries in the wood and allied products (composite particleboard) manufacturing to obtain the optimized composition of composite particleboards (CPB’s) for production. This investigative research will increase the knowledge and development, as well as the best utilization and application of the investigated composite particleboard, as well as improve the economy of both the manufacturing industries and the nation en large through these allied-wood products.
Polypropylene Plastic Cup Tensile Strength Optimization in Injection Molding from the Mold Variables Using Response Surface Methodology Chukwunedum, Ogochukwu Chinedum; Nelson Obinna Ubani; Jude Ezechi Dara
Tech : Journal of Engineering Science Vol 2 No 1 (2026): Engineering and communication
Publisher : Yayasan Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Sisi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69836/tech.v2i1.745

Abstract

Injection molding demands careful control of processing conditions to achieve durable plastic products. In polypropylene cup production, improper mold settings can reduce tensile strength, resulting in cracks, fractures, and product failure during handling, transportation, and use. Such defects increase material wastage and reduce manufacturing profitability. This study therefore aimed to develop an optimization model for maximizing the tensile strength of a polypropylene plastic cup using Response Surface Methodology. Injection pressure, injection speed, mold temperature, and cooling time were considered as process variables, while tensile strength served as the response variable. A Design of Experiments framework based on Response Surface Methodology was applied through iterative trial moldings with systematic variation of input parameters. Statistical evaluation using analysis of variance was conducted to determine model adequacy and factor significance. The results identified optimal settings of 95 MPa injection pressure, 50 mm/s injection speed, 57.27 °C mold temperature, and 15 s cooling time, yielding a maximum tensile strength of 31.44 MPa. The selected quadratic model was significant, with a coefficient of determination of 95.97 percent, indicating strong agreement between predicted and experimental results. Injection pressure showed the most significant effect on tensile strength, including its quadratic term. The study demonstrates that systematic parameter optimization enhances product strength, minimizes defects, and improves production efficiency and profitability in plastic cup manufacturing