Krishna Adityangga
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Implementasi Blockchain Memperkuat Maqasid Al-Shariah Melalui Peningkatan Transparansi, Keadilan, Dan Kepatuhan Dalam Ekosistem Digital Krishna Adityangga; Muhammad Rafiuddin
Al-Iqtisodiyah : Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi dan Ekonomi Islam Vol. 1 No. 4 (2025): Ilmu Ekonomi dan Ekonomi Islam
Publisher : Al-Iqtisodiyah : Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi dan Ekonomi Islam

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Abstract

Global Islamic finance is required to increase transparency and accountability in the digital era to realize the Maqasid al-Shariah (the objectives of Sharia). Key challenges include the lack of ethical certainty in certain consensus protocols and fragmentation in Sharia governance and global regulations. This study aims to examine the transformative potential of blockchain technology in the Digital Sharia ecosystem to strengthen ethical and operational compliance, particularly in the context of justice ('adl) and general welfare (maslahah). A qualitative descriptive approach was used, utilizing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of reputable academic literature. Data were analyzed thematically to map the impact of blockchain on each element of the Maqasid al-Shariah. It was found that blockchain characteristics such as immutability and smart contracts effectively reduce gharar (uncertainty) and increase accountability, as seen in Zakat, Waqf, and Smart Sukuk applications. However, the Proof-of-Work protocol is considered contrary to the principle of sustainability (maslahah) due to its high energy consumption. Blockchain is a vital transformative tool for achieving Islamic ethical goals. The main implications are the recommendation to adopt a sustainable platform (Proof-of-Stake), the need for the Sharia Council to issue proactive fatwas, and the establishment of a regulatory sandbox by the government to facilitate Sharia-compliant innovation. Abstrak Keuangan Syariah Global dituntut untuk meningkatkan transparansi dan akuntabilitas di era digital guna mewujudkan Maqasid al-Shariah. Tantangan utama meliputi minimnya kepastian etika pada protokol konsensus tertentu dan fragmentasi dalam tata kelola Syariah serta regulasi global. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji potensi transformatif teknologi blockchain dalam ekosistem Syariah Digital untuk memperkuat kepatuhan etika dan operasional, khususnya dalam konteks keadilan ('adl) dan kesejahteraan umum (maslahah). Pendekatan Kualitatif Deskriptif digunakan dengan memanfaatkan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) terhadap literatur akademik bereputasi. Data dianalisis secara tematik untuk memetakan dampak blockchain terhadap setiap elemen Maqasid al-Shariah. Ditemukan bahwa karakteristik blockchain seperti imutabilitas dan smart contracts secara efektif mengurangi gharar (ketidakpastian) dan meningkatkan akuntabilitas, terlihat pada aplikasi Zakat, Wakaf, dan Smart Sukuk. Namun, protokol Proof-of-Work dianggap bertentangan dengan prinsip keberlanjutan (maslahah) karena konsumsi energi yang tinggi. Blockchain adalah alat transformatif yang vital untuk mencapai tujuan etika Islam. Implikasi utamanya adalah rekomendasi adopsi platform berkelanjutan (Proof-of-Stake), perlunya Dewan Syariah mengeluarkan fatwa yang proaktif, serta pembentukan regulatory sandbox oleh pemerintah untuk memfasilitasi inovasi yang patuh Syariah.