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From Waste to Resource: Sustainable Recycling Strategies for Monocrystalline Solar Panels in Indonesia Faizin, Muhammad Ihsan Nur; Riyanto, Andry; Heriyanto, Hernawan; Utami, Mei Budi; Ludji, Omrie; Yandri, Erkata
Leuser Journal of Environmental Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : Heca Sentra Analitika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60084/ljes.v3i2.340

Abstract

The rapid growth of photovoltaic (PV) installations in Indonesia, projected to exceed 8.5 GW by 2030, is expected to generate over 1 million tons of solar panel waste by 2050, highlighting the urgent need for end-of-life (EoL) management. This study evaluates the environmental impacts of monocrystalline PV panels and examines suitable recycling strategies for Indonesia. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework compares landfill and recycling scenarios using Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Cumulative Energy Demand (CED), supported by sensitivity analysis. Results show that aluminum recycling can reduce GWP by up to 83% and CED by 95% compared to primary production. Mechanical recycling and direct reuse are the most feasible options given local market conditions and technological readiness, while advanced recycling requires additional support. Extending panel lifespan and further improving efficiency further reduce emissions and accelerate carbon payback. The study emphasizes the need for a national PV waste management framework that integrates recycling with circular economic strategies. Policy measures such as Extended Producer Responsibility and fiscal incentives, combined with cross-sector collaboration, are crucial to ensuring a sustainable, low-carbon solar energy transition in Indonesia.  
Development of a Scoring-Based Renewable Energy Readiness Index for Commercial Buildings: An Integrated Framework Based on Energy Audit Findings Riyanto, Andry; Yandri, Erkata
Leuser Journal of Environmental Studies Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Heca Sentra Analitika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60084/ljes.v4i1.405

Abstract

The building sector plays a significant role in global energy consumption and carbon emissions, necessitating the integration of renewable energy systems. However, conventional energy audits primarily focus on technical efficiency and do not provide a structured assessment of a building’s readiness for renewable energy implementation. This study addresses this gap by developing a Renewable Energy Readiness Assessment Framework (RERAF) and its corresponding Renewable Energy Readiness Index (RERI), which integrate energy audit findings with multidimensional readiness factors. The framework comprises nine dimensions—technical, managerial, economic, regulatory, environmental, social, digital, resilience, and institutional—operationalized through an evidence-based scoring approach using a standardized Likert scale (0–4). To maintain methodological neutrality at the initial development stage, all dimensions and indicators are assigned equal weights (equal weighting scheme), thereby avoiding subjective bias in the absence of expert-based validation. The framework was applied to a commercial office building in Indonesia using energy audit data, supporting documents, and operational information. The results show a RERI score of 2.39 (equivalent to 60.00 on a normalized scale), indicating a moderate level of readiness. The analysis reveals a structural imbalance between relatively strong technical readiness and weaker non-technical dimensions, particularly in managerial, economic, digital, and institutional aspects. These findings highlight that technical feasibility alone is insufficient to ensure successful renewable energy adoption. The proposed framework contributes to bridging the gap between energy audit practices and renewable energy readiness assessment by providing a transparent, evidence-based, and reproducible decision-support tool for stakeholders in the building sector.