Ahmad Azmul Asmar Irfan
Orthopedic Department, Faculty Of Medicine UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia

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Analisis Tindakan Indikator Rujukan Rawat Jalan Non Spesialistik dan Peserta Prolanis Terkendali pada Kapitasi Berbasis Kinerja di Klinik Pratama Makmur Jaya: Analysis of Non-Specialistic Outpatient Referral Indicator Measures and Controlled Prolanis Participants on Performance-Based Capitation at the Makmur Jaya Pratama Clinic Multazam, Andi Muhammad; Nurlinda, Andi; Irfan, Ahmad Azmul Asmar
Journal of Aafiyah Health Research (JAHR) Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): JANUARY-JUNE
Publisher : Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52103/jahr.v5i1.1676

Abstract

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Kapitasi Berbasis  Kinerja (KBK) merupakan penyesuaian besaran tarif kapitasi berdasarkan hasil penilaian pencapaian indikator pelayanan kesehatan perseorangan yang disepakati berupa komitmen pelayanan Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama dalam rangka peningkatan mutu pelayanan.  Terdapat 3 indikator yaitu Angka Kontak (AK, target >150 permil), Rasio Rawat Jalan Kasus Non Spesialistik (RRNS, target <2%), dan Rasio Peserta Prolanis Terkendali (RPPT, target >5%). Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji tindakan pencapaian RRNS dan RPPT pada KBK di Klinik pratama Makmur Jaya, karena belum terpenuhinya kedua indikator tersebut. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuasi kualitatif. Terdapat 6 informan pada penelitian ini, yaitu 1 informan kunci, 3 informan utama, dan 2 informan tambahan. Analisis data menggunakan model analisis interaktif yang terdiri dari reduksi data, sajian data, verifikasi. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan   terdapat kendala pencapaian pada (1) input  (man) yaitu petugas Klinik Makmur Jaya tidak megetahui secara spesifik bahwa RRNS dan RPPT termasuk dalam program KBK, kedisiplinan pada entry data, (machine) terdapat alat pemeriksaan penunjang yang belum tersedia dan (method) belum adanya pedoman khusus yang dimiliki Klinik Makmur Jaya.  (2) Pada process  terdapat kendala untuk mencapai RNNS seperti pasien belum sembuh setelah diberikan penangana awal di klinik sehingga perlu dirujuk, masih banyak pasien yang langsung meminta untuk dirujuk, rujukan kebanyakan dilakukan oleh dokter pengganti.  Kendala pada proses RPPT diantaranya peserta prolanis tidak aktif mengikuti kegiatan prolanis karena alasan pribadi, masih banyak pasien yang menyangkal kondisi DM atau hipertensi sehingga tidak mau diperiksa, masih banyak yang mengira reminder melalui Whatsapp sebagai pesan tubian (spam) atau bahkan penipuan. ABSTRACT Background: First Level Health Facilities may adjust their capitation rates in an effort to improve service quality, in accordance with performance-based capitation (KBK). This adjustment is predicated on the fulfillment of service commitments that represent agreed-upon individual health service indicators. Contact Rate (AK, target >150 per mil), Outpatient Ratio for Non-Specialized Cases (RRNS, target <2%), and Controlled Prolanis Participant Ratio (RPPT, target >5%) are the three indicators set forth. The objective of this research was to assess the performance of controlled prosthetic patients in performance-based capitation and the outpatient ratio for non-specialized cases at the Pratama Makmur Jaya Clinic. Objective: These two metrics had not been fulfilled thus far, and the purpose of this study was to determine their adherence. Method: This study employs a quasi qualitative methodology. The study included a total of 6 informants, comprising 1 key informant, 3 main informants, and 2 other informants. Data analysis employs an interactive approach that includes data reduction, data presentation, and verification. Results: The study revealed several hindrances to obtaining optimal input. Firstly, the employees did not know the specifics that RRNS and RPPT are included in the KBK program. Moreover, there was a lack of discipline in data entry by the individuals involved. Secondly, there was a dearth of available inspection tools to support the process. Lastly, the Makmur Jaya Clinic lacked particular recommendations to facilitate the input procedure.  Another finding is that during the process, there were challenges in obtaining RRNS. Some patients did not recover after receiving initial treatment at the clinic and needed to be referred. Additionally, there were many patients who directly requested to be referred. The majority of referrals were made by substitute doctors.  Challenges in the RPPT process involved Prolanis participants who were not actively engaging in Prolanis activities due to personal reasons. Additionally, there were numerous patients who refused to acknowledge their condition of Diabetes Mellitus or hypertension and consequently declined to undergo examination. Furthermore, many patients mistakenly regarded reminders sent via WhatsApp as spam messages or even fraudulent.
The Readiness of Primary Health Centers (Puskesmas) to Provide Maternal and Newborn Services in West Bangka, Indonesia Ahmad Azmul Asmar Irfan; Christian Ezra Kestito; Amalia Sainsiana; Ananda Hadist Wahyudi; Lyliani Khairunnisa; Fathia Azzahra
The Avicenna Medical Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): The Avicenna Medical Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/avicenna.v6i2.50592

Abstract

Background: Maternal and neonatal mortality remain a pressing public health concern in Indonesia, particularly in rural districts such as West Bangka. The district maternal mortality rate (MMR) has risen steadily, reaching 212.44 per 100,000 live births in 2022, while the neonatal mortality rate (NMR) has climbed from 3.7 to 7.89 per 1,000 live births between 2018 and 2022. This study evaluates the availability and readiness of Primary Health Centers (Puskesmas) in West Bangka to deliver maternal and newborn health services. This study aims to assess the service availability and readiness of all eight Puskesmas in West Bangka Regency using the WHO Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (WHO-SARA) instrument. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted between July and August 2024 across all 8 Puskesmas in West Bangka. Data were collected through structured interviews with key health personnel and direct observation guided by the WHO-SARA framework. Readiness was assessed across two service areas (antenatal care (ANC) and obstetric-neonatal care) and within each service area, evaluated across four readiness domains: staff training and clinical guidelines, equipment and supplies, diagnostic capacity, and essential medicines and commodities. For obstetric and neonatal care, a fifth domain covering basic emergency obstetric and neonatal care capacity was additionally assessed. Results: The mean overall readiness score across all Puskesmas was 86.0 (range: 62.0-92.1). Seven of 8 Puskesmas (87.5%) achieved scores above the 75-point threshold, qualifying as “optimal.” Puskesmas Mentok achieved the highest overall score (92.1), while Puskesmas Puput was the sole suboptimal facility (62.0), largely owing to deficiencies in staff training and basic obstetric and newborn care (42.9). Key gaps identified across facilities included the absence of manual vacuum extractors (0%) and limited availability of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) protocols (37.5%) and trained IPTp staff (12.5%). Conclusions: Most Puskesmas in West Bangka demonstrate adequate readiness for maternal and newborn health services. However, Puskesmas Puput requires urgent targeted intervention. System-wide gaps in IPTp capacity, obstetric equipment, and staff training represent priority areas for policy action and resource allocation.   Keywords: Maternal and neonatal services, primary health care, Puskesmas, WHO-SARA, facility assessment